Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2020 Jun 2;10:9021. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66082-x

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Confocal images of dispersed S. aureus biofilms. (a) combined channel; (b) SYTO 9 channel; (c) Promidium Iodide channel; (1) control biofilm; (2) dispersed with 40 mM D-AA (40 mM D-Asp and 40 mM D-Glu); (3) dispersed with Cip; (4) dispersed with 40 mM D-AA and 8 MLC Cip; blue arrow) presence of intercellular eDNA; yellow arrow) lack of intercellular eDNA. (1) Untreated S. aureus biofilms are reinforced by an organised honeycomb like meshwork made of interconnected intercellular eDNA. eDNA forms a filamentous mesh like structure within the biofilm and surrounds all cells. (2) Biofilms dispersed with D-AA lack majority of the eDNA. The pan-biofilm eDNA network is lost, any remaining eDNA is likely to be that entrapped between other matrix substances. (3) Presence of eDNA networks provides structure to persisting cells in biofilms treated with Cip on its own. (4) Biofilm treated with a combination of D-AA and 8 MLC Cip lack in eDNA meshwork structure and have minimal eDNA; eDNA = extracellular DNA; eDNA = extracellular DNA; D-AA = 40 mM D-Aspartic acid and 40 mM D-Glutamic acid; x MLC = x times minimum lethal concentration; Cip = ciprofloxacin.