Table 3.

Hormones and oxidative stress parameters at the end of subchronical administration of oral acetamiprid in Sprague Dawley rats.

Plasma levels (mean ± SEM)
	Control group (n:10)	Low dose group (n:11)	Medium dose group (n:12)	High dose group (n:12)
Testosteron (ng/mL)	2.32 ± 0.23	1.80 ± 0.49	1.65 ± 0.29	1.52 ± 0.17
LH (mIU/mL)	11.07 ± 0.57	12.65 ± 0.58*	13.13 ± 0.17*	11.86 ± 0.20
FSH (IU/L)	7.19 ± 0.56	11.87 ± 0.38***	14.27 ± 0.61***	11.30 ± 0.22***
GnRH (ng/L)	194.89 ± 11.88	207.72 ± 7.49	209.845 ± 0.95	200.67 ± 8.92
INHB (ng/mL)	8.25 ± 0.28	9.18 ± 0.16	10.070 ± 0.30*	7.35 ± 0.53
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	5.46 ± 0.53	4.80 ± 0.34	4.39 ± 0.35*	4.20 ± 0.26*
GSH (mmol/mg protein)	0.47 ± 0.04	0.16 ± 0.01**	0.22 ± 0.01***	0.21 ± 0.01***
MDA (ng/mg protein)	0.56 ± 0.01	0.82 ± 0.002***	1.03 ± 0.01***	1.46 ± 0.06***
TAS (U/mL)	34.67 ± 2.10	16.48 ± 0.78***	14.23 ± 0.65***	10.24 ± 0.82***
TOS (nmol/mL)	2.73 ± 0.26	2.82 ± 0.09	2.97 ± 0.12	3.68 ± 0.10***
Tissue levels (mean ± SEM)
GSH (mmol/mg protein)	2.37 ± 0.006	1.99 ± 0.12***	1.68 ± 0.02***	1.52 ± 0.03***
MDA (ng/mg protein)	6.57 ± 0.46	6.87 ± 0.40	9.81 ± 1.007*	11.30 ± 0,52***
TAS (U/mL per g protein)	46.53 ± 1.61	39.63 ± 1.26*	38.03 ± 1.28***	30.54 ± 1.26***
TOS (nmol/mL per g protein)	12.88 ± 0.03	13.28 ± 0.42	13.73 ± 0.22	14.93 ± 0.20***

Data were shown as mean ± standard error of the means (SEM). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.005, ***p < 0.0005. LH: Luteinizing hormone, FSH: Follicle-stimulating hormone, GnRH: Gonadotrophin releasing hormone, INHB: Inhibin B, GSH: Glutathione, MDA: Malondialdehyde, TAS: Total antioxidant status, TOS: Total oxidant status.