Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of primary UGIB patients compared with patients without primary UGIB
| Demographic factors | No GIB* (n = 32,361,040) |
Primary UGIB (n = 398,213) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age >65 years | 13,022,682 (40*) | 247,892 (62*) | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 12,580,455 (39*) | 201,110 (50*) | <0.001 |
| Race | <0.001 | ||
| Caucasian | 15,931,700 (68*) | 204,728 (71*) | |
| Afro-American | 3,374,534 (14*) | 40,052 (14*) | |
| Hypertension | 14,238,643 (44*) | 218,762 (55*) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 6,826,714 (21*) | 101,439 (25*) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol intake | 1,367,394 (4.2*) | 35,153 (8.8*) | <0.001 |
| Smoking | 5,381,328 (17*) | 62,377 (15.7*) | <0.001 |
| Platelet abnormalities | 755,341 (2.3*) | 19,180 (4.8*) | <0.001 |
| Cancer | 4,250,872 (13*) | 52,510 (13*) | 0.31 |
| Coagulation defect | 333,131 (1*) | 19,438 (4.8*) | <0.001 |
| Packed red blood cell transfusion | 2,070,614 (6.4*) | 185,841(46.7*) | <0.001 |
| Any major surgery | 1,053,751 (3.2*) | 3,544 (0.89*) | <0.001 |
| CAD | 1,273,080 (3.9*) | 103,990 (26*) | <0.001 |
| CVA | 625,441 (1.9*) | 3,478 (0.9*) | <0.001 |
| Anemia | 1,104,725 (3.4*) | 121,336 (30.5*) | <0.001 |
| VTE | 664,455 (2*) | 6,399 (1.6*) | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 3,373,186 (10*) | 64,034 (16*) | <0.001 |
| Cirrhosis | 587,258 (1.8*) | 30,717 (7.7*) | <0.001 |
| Severe sepsis | 389,056 (1.2*) | 2,079 (0.5*) | <0.001 |
| DIC | 33,312 (0.13*) | 592 (0.15*) | <0.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1,281,208 (3.9*) | 20,875 (5.2*) | <0.001 |
| Shock | 354,397 (1.1*) | 17,246 (4.3*) | <0.001 |
| Vasopressor use | 65,003 (0.2*) | 678 (0.17*) | 0.051 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 860,336 (2.7*) | 8,930 (2.3*) | <0.001 |
| Esophagogastroduodenoscopy | 369,369 (1.1*) | 148,600 (37*) | <0.001 |
| Location | <0.001 | ||
| Rural | 4,235,492 (13*) | 63,894 (16*) | |
| Urban | 28,081,514 (87*) | 333,473 (84*) | |
*
National estimates were extrapolated from the NIS database utilizing strata weights which are provided along with NIS dataset, using appropriate Stata survey estimation commands.