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. 2020 Jun 2;10:8932. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-65745-z

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Click sequences. (a) AEPs across A1 and in MGB layers for the pre- and post-VNS conditions. The present AEPs were grand-averages across test animals. (b) Pre- vs. post-VNS AEP amplitudes. (c) Layer-specific increase of AEP amplitude following VNS. Outline markers with error bars indicate the means with standard deviations. AEP, auditory evoked potential; A1, primary auditory cortex; MGB, thalamus; VNS, vagus nerve stimulation. * indicates statistical significance (p < 0.05).