Table 3.
Physical Activity According to WHO Recommendations as a Predictor of Mean Change Scores for Each Treatment Arm.
| MET–WHO | Placebo | CT | NAC | Placebo | CT | NAC | Placebo | CT | NAC | Placebo | CT | NAC | Overall Three-Way Interaction Test | Interactiona | Interaction Test | Interactiona | Interaction Test |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Physical Activity | Below WHO Recommendations | Within WHO Recommendations | Exceeding WHO Recommendations | P Value | β Coefficient (95% CI) | P Value | β Coefficient (95% CI) | P value | |||||||||
| MADRS change | |||||||||||||||||
| Mean (SD) | −11.3 (14.5) | −9.0 (13.9) | −15.0 (7.2) | −14.1 (5.0) | −14.8 (9.1) | −14.9 (10.1) | −3.0 (11.2) | −15.3 (7.1) | −18.0 (13.7) | −13.0 (11.1) | −19.9 (7.0) | −10.4 (8.5) | χ2(2) = 3.3 | −0.8 | χ2(1) = 0.6 | 1.1 | χ2(1) = 1.0 |
| n | 7 | 3 | 4 | 8 | 12 | 12 | 8 | 4 | 7 | 17 | 12 | 12 | P = 0.19 | (−2.8 to 1.2) | P = 0.440 | (−1.1 to 3.2) | P = 0.319 |
| BDRS change | |||||||||||||||||
| Mean (SD) | −14.1 (11.0) | <0.01 (14.1) | −14.5 (11.1) | −12.1 (7.5) | −9.9 (9.8) | −12.9 (9.3) | −0.6 (11.1) | −16.8 (5.1) | −15.0 (11.1) | −8.5 (10.2) | −18.1 (7.5) | −9.8 (10.5) | χ2(2) = 6.2 | −2.2 | χ2(1) = 4.8 | −0.1 | χ2(1) <0.01 |
| n | 7 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 11 | 12 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 16 | 12 | 12 | P = 0.046 | (−4.1 to −0.2) | P = 0.028 | (−2.2 to 2.0) | P = 0.951 |
| SOFAS change | |||||||||||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 15.3 (16.0) | 7.0 (15.9) | 19.8 (10.1) | 13.9 (11.3) | 18.0 (11.3) | 12.9 (8.9) | 1.6 (11.3) | 16.0 (15.4) | 9.7 (16.8) | 12.1 (12.4) | 18.9 (13.4) | 13.7 (10.5) | χ2(2) = 1.4 | 1.7 | χ2(1) = 1.4 | 0.8 | χ2(1) = 0.4 |
| n | 7 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 12 | 11 | 8 | 4 | 6 | 16 | 12 | 12 | P = 0.504 | (−1.1 to 4.5) | P = 0.243 | (−1.8 to 3.4) | P = 0.546 |
| LIFE-RIFT change | |||||||||||||||||
| Mean (SD) | −3.0 (4.5) | <0.01 (7.1) | −3.5 (5.1) | −3.7 (3.5) | −3.7 (4.2) | −3.4 (4.0) | −0.4 (4.7) | −5.0 (4.1) | −4.7 (2.0) | −2.3 (4.2) | −5.7 (4.2) | 3.9 (4.0) | χ2(2) = 0.8 | −0.4 | χ2(1) = 0.8 | −0.1 | χ2(1) = 0.03 |
| n | 7 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 11 | 12 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 16 | 12 | 12 | P = 0.666 | (−1.3 to 0.5) | P = 0.382 | (−1.0 to 0.8) | P = 0.866 |
| Q-LES-Q change | |||||||||||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 13.8 (22.2) | 10.1 (14.5) | 24.6 (11.4) | 19.4 (23.7) | 18.8 (16.2) | 16.4 (18.9) | −3.1 (16.0) | 17.0 (11.9) | 13.8 (15.8) | 14.2 (20.9) | 23.7 (22.8) | 17.9 (21.1) | χ2(2) = 1.3 | 1.3 | χ2(1) = 0.5 | −1.0 | χ2(1) = 0.2 |
| n | 7 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 12 | 12 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 16 | 12 | 12 | P = 0.512 | (−2.5 to 5.1) | P = 0.496 | (−5.1 to 3.1) | P = 0.640 |
| CGI-I Week 20b | χ2(2) = 0.8 | −0.2 | χ2(1) = 0.7 | <0.01 | χ2(1) <0.01 | ||||||||||||
| n | 7 | 3 | 4 | 8 | 12 | 12 | 8 | 4 | 7 | 16 | 12 | 12 | P = 0.67 | (−0.6 to 0.2) | P = 0.402 | (−0.4 to 0.4) | P = 0.999 |
Note. Abbreviations: BDRS = Bipolar Depression Rating Scale; CGI-I = Clinical Global Impression Improvement; CT = combination treatment; LIFE-RIFT = Longitudinal Interval Follow-Up Evaluation–Range of Impaired Functioning Tool; MADRS = Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale; NAC: N-acetylcysteine; SOFAS = Social and Occupational Functioning Scale.
aThree-way interaction between potential predictor, time and treatment group, reference group was placebo.
b As CGI-I is not administered at baseline, mean score change has not been measured. High and low levels of each predictor were determined by median split.