Table 1.
Review of the literature
| Year | Author | Origin | Age, years | G | Histology | Primary finding | Lesion | Metastases | WBC | Elevated cytokine | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1992 | Murabe | Japan | 61 | M | Anaplastic | Fever | Thyroid | Heart, lung, liver, bladder, lymph nodes | 35,300 | GM-CSF |
| 2 | 1995 | Yazawa | Japan | 65 | F | Anaplastic | Thyroid mass | Thyroid | Lung, liver, lymph nodes | 85,000 | G-CSF |
| 3 | 1995 | Iwasa | Japan | 60 | F | Anaplastic | Neck mass, respiratory difficulty | Thyroid | N/S | 24,200 | G-CSF |
| 4 | 1996 | Nakada | Japan | 72 | F | Anaplastic | Neck mass, hoarseness | Thyroid | Lung, lymph nodes | 36,200 | G-CSF, GM-CSF |
| 5 | 2000 | Sato | Japan | 80 | F | Anaplastic | Lumbago, appetite loss | Thyroid | Lung, bone, adrenal | 30,100 | G-CSF, M-CSF |
| 6 | 2000 | Sato | Japan | 88 | F | Anaplastic | Dysphagia, fever | Thyroid | Kidney, lung, general | 51,000 | IL-6, M-CSF |
| 7 | 2000 | Hoshi | Japan | 68 | F | Anaplastic | Hoarseness, dysphagia, neck mass | Thyroid | Lung, general | 15,400 | G-CSF, GM-CSF |
| 8 | 2000 | Kitanishi | Japan | 86 | F | Anaplastic | Neck mass | Thyroid | N/S | Neutrophilia | G-CSF |
| 9 | 2000 | Kitanishi | Japan | 77 | F | Anaplastic | Neck tumor, bleeding | Thyroid | N/S | Neutrophilia | G-CSF |
| 10 | 2006 | Fujita | Japan | 75 | F | Anaplastic trans of papillary ca-meta | Axillary mass | Axillary lymph node | Axilla, skin | 20,000 | G-CSF |
| 11 | 2010 | Zweifel | Switzerland | 57 | M | Anaplastic | Jugular mass | Thyroid | N/S | 50,000 | G-CSF |
| 12 | 2012 | Nakayama | Japan | 55 | F | Anaplastic trans of follicular ca-meta | Hip joint pain | Pelvic bone | Lung, bone | 29,800 | G-CSF |
| 13 | 2013 | Kang | Korea | 75 | F | Anaplastic | Fever, appetite loss, pyelonephritis | Thyroid | Lymph nodes, lung | 34,900 | G-CSF |
| 14 | 2014 | Lee | Korea | 69 | M | Anaplastic trans of papillary ca-meta | Chest wall pain | Pleura | Liver, bone | 32,880 | G-CSF |
| 15 | 2015 | Shiraishi | Japan | 71 | M | Anaplastic | Thyroid mass | Thyroid | Lymph nodes, myocardium, aorta, mesentery, greater omentum, liver, pancreas, skin | 29,570 (initially normal) | GM-CSF |
| 4516 | 2017 | Saitoh | Japan | 73 | M | Anaplastic | Hoarseness, neck mass | Thyroid | Lung, liver, kidney, stomach, small intestine, colon, mesentery, and left adrenal gland | Gradual increase | GM-CSG, M-CSF, IL-6 |
| 17 | 2018 | This case | Greece | 86 | F | Anaplastic, squamoid differentiation | Leukocytosis | Thyroid | Lung, liver | 40,380 | IL-6 |
G, gender; WBC, white blood cells; ca, carcinoma; trans, transformation; GM-CSF, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor; G-CSF, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor; M-CSF, macrophage-colony stimulating factor; IL-6, interleukin-6; N/S, not specified.