Table 4. Assessment of the psychological and behavioral impact of COVID-19 according to various demographic variables.
aCalculated using Chi-square test; P-value <0.05 considered statistically significant
| Statements | Males | Females | P-valuea | <35 years | >35 years | P-valuea | Undergraduate | Graduate | P-valuea |
| I fear leaving my house because of COVID-19 | 115 (57.5%) | 142 (42.5%) | <0.01 | 195 (65.8) | 62 (59.6%) | 0.25 | 120 (66.6%) | 137 (62.2%) | 0.36 |
| I fear visiting crowded places i.e. markets and departmental stores | 176 (88%) | 179 (89.5%) | 0.64 | 264 (89%) | 91 (87.5%) | 0.64 | 163 (90.5%) | 192 (87.2%) | 0.30 |
| I fear for the safety of my health even when I'm at home | 88 (44%) | 80 (40%) | 0.42 | 116 (39%) | 52 (50%) | 0.06 | 61 ((33.8%) | 107 (48.6%) | <0.01 |
| I fear for the health of my family members | 189 (94.5%) | 189 (94.5%) | 1.00 | 283 (95.6%) | 95 (91.3%) | 0.10 | 173 (96.1%) | 205 (93.1%) | 0.20 |
| I feel anxious when a family member goes outside the house | 163 (81.5%) | 172 (86%) | 0.22 | 244 (82.4%) | 91 (87.5%) | 0.23 | 144 (80%) | 191 (86.8%) | 0.07 |
| I feel anxious on a daily basis because of COVID-19 | 132 (66%) | 118 (59%) | 0.15 | 174 (58.7%) | 76 (73%) | 0.01 | 90 (50%) | 160 (72.7%) | <0.01 |
| I feel that the government should isolate COVID-19 patients to specific hospitals | 192 (96%) | 189 (94.5%) | 0.48 | 284 (95.9%) | 97 (93.26%) | 0.27 | 173 (96.1%) | 208 (94.5%) | 0.46 |
| I feel under-confident with the current infection control measures | 136 (68%) | 148 (74%) | 0.19 | 210 (70.9%) | 74 (71.1%) | 0.97 | 131 (72.7%) | 153 (69.5%) | 0.48 |
| I feel fake news surfacing through social media regarding COVID-19 is causing panic | 167 (83.5%) | 164 (54.6%) | 0.70 | 244 (82.4%) | 87 (83.6%) | 0.78 | 151 (83.8%) | 180 (81.8%) | 0.59 |
| I feel the situation is not as bad as it is being portrayed | 62 (31%) | 52 (26%) | 0.27 | 80 (27%) | 34 (32.6%) | 0.27 | 50 (27.7%) | 64 (29%) | 0.77 |
| I have thought of quitting or applying for leave at the workplace/educational institute because of COVID-19. | 57 (28.5%) | 42 (21%) | <0.01 | 72 (24.3%) | 27 (25.9%) | 0.11 | 36 (20%) | 63 (28.6%) | 0.03 |
| I have pretended to be sick to avoid going to the workplace/educational institute. | 32 (16.0%) | 27 (13.5%) | <0.01 | 48 (16.2%) | 11 (10.5%) | <0.01 | 25 (13.8%) | 34 (15.4%) | 0.67 |
| I have limited my physical contact with people | 174 (87%) | 172 (86%) | 0.77 | 258 (87%) | 88 (84.6%) | 0.51 | 154 (85.5%) | 192 (87.2%) | 0.62 |
| I have recently avoided/ reduced using healthcare facilities. | 142 (71%) | 156 (78%) | 0.11 | 220 (74.3%) | 78 (75%) | 0.89 | 143 (79.4%) | 155 (70.4%) | 0.04 |
| I have recently avoided/ reduced going to prayer places. | 118 (59%) | 136 (68%) | 0.06 | 190 (64%) | 64 (61.5%) | 0.63 | 122 (67.7%) | 132 (60%) | 0.11 |
| I have recently started to avoid watching, reading or listening to news because it made me anxious. | 63 (31.5%) | 77 (38.5%) | 0.14 | 112 (37.8%) | 28 (26.9%) | 0.04 | 62 (34.4%) | 78 (35.4%) | 0.83 |
| I have recently cancelled my plans i.e. family reunions, social gatherings, travelling or meetings because of COVID-19. | 171 (85.5%) | 167 (83.5%) | 0.58 | 249 (84%) | 89 (85.5%) | 0.72 | 151 (83.8%) | 187 (85%) | 0.76 |
| I have recently purchased groceries out of fear of them running out. | 99 (49.5%) | 119 (59.5%) | 0.04 | 165 (55.7%) | 53 (50.9%) | 0.40 | 107 (59.4%) | 111 (50.4%) | 0.07 |
| I wash my hands more frequently | 182 (91%) | 166 (83%) | 0.02 | 257 (86.8%) | 91 (87.5%) | 0.86 | 151 (83.8) | 197 (89.5%) | 0.09 |
| I carry a hand sanitizer all the time. | 110 (55%) | 117 (58.5%) | 0.48 | 175 (59.1%) | 52 (50%) | 0.11 | 104 (57.7%) | 123 (55.9%) | 0.71 |
| I have started wearing a mask because of COVID-19. | 84 (42.0%) | 93 (46.5%) | 0.36 | 132 (44.5%) | 45 (43%) | 0.82 | 83 (46.1%) | 94 (42.7%) | 0.50 |