Table 3.

Mixed-Effects Regression Models for the Chair Stands Task (n = 1,880)

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
Poverty status	1.69***	1.69***	1.69***	1.68***
Age	0.21***	0.22***	0.19***	0.16***
Executive functions	−0.18	−0.18	−0.09	−0.15*
Race	−0.26	−0.24	−0.19	−0.43
Sex	−1.25*	−1.24*	−0.97	−1.29***
Age × Sex	0.04	0.02	0.08*	0.08*
Executive Functions × Age	0.00	−0.00	0.00
Executive Functions × Race	0.02	0.03	−0.15
Executive Functions × Sex	0.19	0.20	0.03
Age × Race	−0.09	−0.10*	−0.05
Race × Sex	−0.33	−0.38	−0.55
Executive Functions × Age × Race	−0.01	0.01
Executive Functions × Age × Sex	−0.00	−0.01
Executive Functions × Race × Sex	−0.31	0.01
Age × Race × Sex	0.09	0.10
Executive Functions × Age × Race × Sex	0.01

Note: Unstandardized regression coefficients (b) across four model iterations for the chair stands task. Model 4 (shown in bold above) was retained as the final regression model. N = 1,880 participants had data for dominant handgrip strength (n = 1,389 with data at baseline and n = 1,227 with data at follow-up, of whom n = 736 had data at both waves).

*p < .05, ***p < .001.