Table 3.
Baseline characteristics of the Healthy Babies sample.
| All participants (n = 262) | Intervention (n = 131) | Usual care (n = 131) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.3 ± 4.8 | 32.3 ± 4.8 | 32.3 ± 4.9 |
| BMI category | |||
| Healthy weight (< 25.0 kg/m2) | 5 (2%) | 3 (2%) | 2 (2%) |
| Overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2) | 91 (35%) | 42 (32%) | 49 (37%) |
| Obese (≥30.0kg/m2) | 166 (63%) | 86 (66%) | 80 (61%) |
| Age (years) | 25.6 ± 5.4 | 26.0 ± 5.3 | 25.3 ± 5.4 |
| Gestational age (weeks) | 13.9 ± 4.1 | 13.7 ± 4.1 | 14.1 ± 4.1 |
| Nulliparous | 99 (38%) | 48 (37%) | 51 (39%) |
| Marital Status | |||
| Single | 201 (77%) | 98 (75%) | 103 (79%) |
| Married or living as married | 55 (21%) | 31 (24%) | 24 (18%) |
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 6 (2%) | 2 (2%) | 4 (3%) |
| Education | |||
| Some high school or less | 47 (18%) | 23 (18%) | 24 (19%) |
| High school graduate | 123 (48%) | 65 (50%) | 58 (46%) |
| Post high school training and/or some college | 70 (27%) | 31 (24%) | 39 (31%) |
| College graduate and/or postgraduate work | 17 (7%) | 11 (8%) | 6 (5%) |
| Employment Status | |||
| Employed full- or part-time | 129 (49%) | 69 (53%) | 60 (46%) |
| Not currently employed | 133 (51%) | 62 (47%) | 71 (54%) |
| Weight perception | |||
| Too heavy | 135 (53%) | 68 (52%) | 67 (53%) |
| About average | 114 (44%) | 55 (42%) | 59 (46%) |
| Too light | 8 (3%) | 7 (5%) | 1 (1%) |
| Weight satisfaction | |||
| Dissatisfied with my weight | 99 (38%) | 56 (43%) | 43 (34%) |
| Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with my weight | 46 (18%) | 24 (18%) | 22 (17%) |
| Satisfied with my weight | 113 (44%) | 51 (39%) | 62 (49%) |
| Gestational weight gain goals concordant with IOM guidelines | 31 (12%) | 15 (11%) | 16 (13%) |
| Doctor/Nurse weight gain advice | |||
| Gain weight in pregnancy | 47 (18%) | 18 (14%) | 29 (23%) |
| Lose weight in pregnancy | 5 (2%) | 3 (2%) | 2 (2%) |
| Stay the same weight in pregnancy | 17 (7%) | 11 (8%) | 6 (5%) |
| A doctor/nurse has not discussed weight | 188 (73%) | 98 (75%) | 90 (71%) |
| Opinion is “important” about how much to eat in pregnancy | |||
| Baby’s father | 141 (55%) | 75 (57%) | 66 (52%) |
| Participant’s mother | 134 (52%) | 69 (53%) | 65 (52%) |
| Obstetric provider | 205 (80%) | 101 (77%) | 104 (83%) |
| Enrolled in WIC | |||
| Yes | 100 (39%) | 44 (34%) | 56 (44%) |
| No, but planning to enroll | 149 (58%) | 82 (63%) | 67 (53%) |
| No, not eligible | 8 (3%) | 4 (3%) | 4 (3%) |
| Food insecure (USDA short form score ≥ 2) | 49 (19%) | 24 (18%) | 25 (20%) |
| Depressed (EPDS ≥ 13) | 39 (15%) | 16 (12%) | 23 (18%) |
| Inadequate health literacy (REALM-R ≤ 6) | 158 (61%) | 80 (61%) | 78 (61%) |
Values in table are either expressed as means ± standard deviation or n (%). The sample sizes indicate that some participants did not have complete data on all the variables.