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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jun 2.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurosurg. 2018 Oct 26;131(4):1106–1114. doi: 10.3171/2018.5.JNS172879

FIG. 3. A:

FIG. 3.

Athymic nude mice bearing 786-O flank tumors have slower rates of tumor progression when treated with propranolol (n = 10) versus PBS (n = 11, p < 0.005). B: Circulating VEGF-A levels in propranolol-treated mice are reduced (p < 0.0001). Human VEGF-A levels are undetectable in both PBS/propranolol treatment groups. C: An additional cohort of mice (n = 12) was treated with PBS or propranolol with (n = 6) or without flank tumors (n = 6). Circulating murine levels of VEGF-A were not affected by the addition of the tumor (p = 0.85). Propranolol treatment decreased the serum levels of murine VEGF-A only in the setting of xenografted 786-O tumors (p < 0.0001). D: There was a qualitative decrease in HIF2α expression in flank tumors, as determined by immunohistochemical analysis in the propranolol-treated mice. Representative photomicrographs are shown (PBS and propranolol, ×40).