Table 2:

Adjusted Outcomes after a Diagnosis of Hepatic Encephalopathy in a Cohort of Medicare Enrollees

	Death		Hospital days
Baseline Variable	Adjusted HR (95% CI)	P-Value	Adjusted IRR (95%CI)	P-Value
Age (per year)	1.02 (1.02, 1.03)	<0.001	1.01 (1.01, 1.01)	<0.001
Male	1.21 (1.19, 1.24)	<0.001	1.03 (0.99, 1.06)	0.116
Endstage Renal Disease	1.08 (1.01, 1.14)	0.015	1.15 (1.06, 1.25)	<0.001
Urban	1.01 (0.98, 1.04)	0.707	1.04 (1.00, 1.09)	0.063
Race (relative to White)
Black	1.00 (0.96, 1.04)	0.960	1.17 (1.10, 1.23)	<0.001
Other	0.90 (0.87, 0.94)	<0.001	0.97 (0.92, 1.03)	0.353
Cirrhosis Etiology
Alcohol	0.82 (0.79, 0.85)	<0.001	1.01 (0.94, 1.09)	0.692
Hepatitis C	0.87 (0.85, 0.90)	<0.001	1.20 (1.15, 1.25)	<0.001
Hepatitis B	1.19 (0.88, 1.61)	0.980	0.79 (0.75, 0.83)	<0.001
Non-alcohol, Non-viral cirrhosis	1.07 (1.02, 1.12)	0.004	0.98 (0.93, 1.03)	0.427
Time Varying Covariates
Gastroenterology Consult	0.73 (0.67, 0.80)	<0.001	1.07 (1.00, 1.14)	0.056
Rifaximin	0.40 (0.39, 0.42)	<0.001	0.35 (0.33, 0.37)	<0.001
Ascites	4.20 (4.08, 4.32)	<0.001	1.86 (1.79, 1.93)	<0.001
Varices	1.03 (1.00, 1.06)	0.029	0.77 (0.74, 0.80)	<0.001
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt	1.15 (1.08, 1.23)	<0.001	1.14 (1.05, 1.24)	0.002
Hepatocellular Carcinoma	2.27 (2,19, 2.34)	<0.001	0.95 (0.91, 1.00)	0.057
Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI; relative to CCI 0)
CCI=1	1.20 (1.17, 1.24)	<0.001	1.17 (1.13, 1.22)	<0.001
CCI=2	1.26 (1.22, 1.30)	<0.001	1.28 (1.23, 1.34)	<0.001
CCI=≥3	1.42 (1.35, 1.48)	<0.001	1.33 (1.24, 1.42)	<0.001

All estimates are adjusted for the variables presented in the table. HR = hazard ratio, IRR = incidence rate ratio. Non-alcoholic, non-viral = patients with cirrhosis codes but without any codes for alcohol-related diseases or viral hepatitis or autoimmune hepatitis.