TABLE 2.
Health Literacy Scores Over Time
| Instrument | Baseline | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 12 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| REALM (0–66), mean (SE) | 32.1 (1.5) | 33.9 (1.5) | 34.4(1.6) | 36.1 (1.6) | |||
| Intervention (I) | 34.2 (2.1) | 38.2 (2.1) | 38.5 (2.1) | 40.5 (2.2) | |||
| Control (C) | 30.0(2.1) | 29.6 (2.1) | 30.3 (2.1) | 31.5(2.2) | |||
| Diff (I - C) | 4.2 (3.0) | 8.6 (3.0) | ** | 8.2 (3.1) | ** | 9.0 (3.1) | ** |
| Changes from baseline | |||||||
| Intervention (I) | — | 4.0(1.1) | *** | 4.3 (1.1) | *** | 6.3 (1.1) | *** |
| Control (C) | — | −0.5 (1.1) | 0.3 (1.1) | 1.5 (1.1) | |||
| Diff (I - C) | — | 4.5 (1.5) | ** | 4.0 (1.5) | ** | 4.8(1.5) | *** |
| DM-REALM (0–82), mean (SE) | 51.3(1.7) | 55.5 (1.7) | 55.5(1.7) | 56.9(1.8) | |||
| Intervention (I) | 54.2 (2.1) | 61.3 (2.2) | 61.6 (2.1) | 62.9(2.1) | |||
| Control (C) | 48.4 (2.5) | 49.6 (2.6) | 49.4 (2.6) | 50.8 (2.7) | |||
| Diff (I - C) | 5.7 (3.3) | 11.7(3.4) | *** | 12.1 (3.4) | *** | 12.1(3.4) | *** |
| Changes from baseline | |||||||
| Intervention (I) | — | 7.2 (1.5) | *** | 7.5 (1.5) | *** | 8.4(1.5) | *** |
| Control (C) | — | 1.2 (1.1) | 1.0 (1.1) | 2.4 (1.1) | * | ||
| Diff (I - C) | — | 6.0 (1.5) | *** | 6.4 (1.5) | *** | 6.4(1.5) | *** |
| COMP (0–28), mean (SE) | 15.3 (0.6) | 17.9 (0.6) | 18.2 (0.6) | 18.7 (0.6) | |||
| Intervention (I) | 16.5 (0.9) | 20.8 (0.8) | 20.9 (0.8) | 21.3 (0.8) | |||
| Control (C) | 14.2 (0.9) | 14.9 (0.9) | 15.5 (0.9) | 16.1 (0.9) | |||
| Diff (I - C) | 2.3 (1.3) | 5.9 (1.2) | 5.4 (1.2) | 5.1 (1.2) | |||
| Changes from baseline | |||||||
| Intervention (I) | — | 4.3 (0.4) | *** | 4.4 (0.4) | *** | 4.8 (0.4) | *** |
| Control (C) | — | 0.7 (0.4) | 1.3 (0.4) | ** | 1.9 (0.4) | *** | |
| Diff (I - C) | — | 3.7 (0.6) | *** | 3.2 (0.6) | *** | 2.9 (0.6) | *** |
| TOFHLA (0–7), mean (SE) | 4.2 (0.3) | 4.4 (0.2) | 4.4 (0.2) | 4.7 (0.3) | |||
| Intervention (I) | 4.3 (0.3) | 4.8 (0.2) | 4.6 (0.2) | 4.9 (0.2) | |||
| Control (C) | 4.1 (0.4) | 4.0 (0.2) | 4.1 (0.3) | 4.4 (0.3) | |||
| Diff (I - C) | 0.2 (0.5) | 0.8 (0.3) | * | 0.5 (0.3) | 0.5 (0.3) | ||
| Changes from baseline | |||||||
| Intervention (I) | — | 0.5 (0.2) | * | 0.3 (0.2) | 0.7 (0.2) | ** | |
| Control (C) | — | −0.1 (0.2) | −0.0 (0.2) | 0.3 (0.2) | |||
| Diff (I - C) | — | 0.6 (0.3) | * | 0.4 (0.3) | 0.4 (0.3) | ||
| NVS (0–6), mean (SE) | 1.7 (0.1) | 2.0 (0.1) | 2.3 (0.1) | 2.7 (0.2) | |||
| Intervention (I) | 1.7 (0.2) | 2.4 (0.2) | 2.6 (0.2) | 3.1 (0.2) | |||
| Control (C) | 1.7 (0.2) | 1.6 (0.2) | 2.0 (0.2) | 2.4 (0.2) | |||
| Diff (I - C) | 0.0 (0.2) | 0.8 (0.3) | ** | 0.6 (0.3) | * | 0.7 (0.3) | * |
| Changes from baseline | |||||||
| Intervention (I) | — | 0.6 (0.2) | ** | 0.9 (0.2) | *** | 1.3 (0.2) | *** |
| Control (C) | — | −0.1 (0.2) | 0.3 (0.2) | 0.6 (0.2) | * | ||
| Diff (I - C) | — | 0.7 (0.3) | * | 0.6 (0.3) | * | 0.7 (0.3) | * |