. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jun 2.

Published in final edited form as: J Glob Econ Anal. 2019;4(2):10.21642/jgea.040201af. doi: 10.21642/jgea.040201af

Table 8.

Gravity estimates for energy-economy sectors

	(1) oil	(2) cru	(3) gas	(4) col	(5) ele	(6) trn	(7) con	(8) eint	(9) omnf	(10) osrv	(11) roe
lnFromGDP	0.422^***	0.311^***	0.311^***	0.402^***	0.320^***	0.445^***	0.207^***	0.369^***	0.356^***	0.447^***	0.221^***
	(0.0594)	(0.0404)	(0.0404)	(0.0861)	(0.106)	(0.0347)	(0.0713)	(0.0325)	(0.0363)	(0.0460)	(0.0602)
lnToGDP	0.166^***	0.189^***	0.189^***	0.221^***	0.301^***	0.204^***	0.207^***	0.147^***	0.179^***	0.226^***	−0.0140
	(0.0478)	(0.0336)	(0.0336)	(0.0663)	(0.106)	(0.0341)	(0.0713)	(0.0277)	(0.0351)	(0.0428)	(0.0598)
lnDist	−1.488^***	−1.110^***	−1.110^***	−1.134^***	−1.204^***	−1.039^***	−1.771^***	−0.876^***	−0.836^***	−1.224^***	−1.406^***
	(0.153)	(0.182)	(0.182)	(0.278)	(0.191)	(0.125)	(0.254)	(0.133)	(0.135)	(0.147)	(0.198)
Contiguity	0.414	0.234	0.234	−0.892^*	1.360^***	0.282	−0.960^*	0.429	0.294	0.0690	0.130
	(0.467)	(0.380)	(0.380)	(0.500)	(0.428)	(0.299)	(0.489)	(0.285)	(0.277)	(0.324)	(0.388)
Language	0.526^*	−1.060^***	−1.060^***	−0.571^*	0.518^*	0.0162	0.816^**	0.0879	0.277	0.115	0.0495
	(0.295)	(0.274)	(0.274)	(0.328)	(0.270)	(0.184)	(0.316)	(0.177)	(0.169)	(0.209)	(0.269)
Constant	4.748^***	2.130	2.130	3.240	−0.326	1.614	4.313^**	0.0978	−0.450	2.741^**	3.274^**
	(1.205)	(1.545)	(1.545)	(2.614)	(1.451)	(1.002)	(2.010)	(1.105)	(1.147)	(1.186)	(1.560)
Observations	600	800	800	100	200	2400	2000	20900	4700	12600	4100
R2	0.506	0.359	0.359	0.457	0.513	0.448	0.554	0.415	0.390	0.450	0.346

Notes: Standard errors, clustered by origin destination pairs, are in parentheses with

p < 0.1

^**

p < 0.05

^***

p < 0.01.

Source: Authors calculations.