Table 3.
Frequency distribution and association between gender and age groups with questions on knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward flu vaccination among 778 respondents
| Questions | Gender | P | Age groups | P | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male Yes/No n (%) | Female Yes/No n (%) | 18-30 Yes/No n (%) | 30-45 Yes/No n (%) | 45-60 Yes/No n (%) | >60 Yes/No n (%) | |||
| General knowledge | ||||||||
| Flu is highly contagious | 168/25 (87.0/13.0) | 508/168 (86.8/13.2) | 0.941 | 306/47 (86.7/13.3) | 209/28 (88.2/11.8) | 147/24 (86.0/14.0) | 14/3 (82.4/17.6) | 0.850 |
| Flu can be serious/patient admitted to hospital | 158/35 (81.9/18.1) | 485/100 (82.9/17.1) | 0.741 | 302/51 (85.6/14.4) | 192/45 (81.0/19.0) | 139/32 (81.3/18.7) | 10/7 (58.8/41.2) | 0.024* |
| Pregnant women should take the vaccine | 69/124 (35.8/64.2) | 223/362 (38.1/61.9) | 0.556 | 158/195 (4.8/55.2) | 78/159 (32.9/67.1) | 53/11 (31.0/69.0) | 3/14 (17.6/82.4) | 0.001* |
| Flu vaccine is recommended to people with chronic disease | 109/84 (56.5/43.5) | 358/227 (61.2/38.8) | 0.246 | 203/150 (57.5/42.5) | 140/97 (59.1/40.9) | 114/57 (66.7/33.3) | 10/7 (58.8/41.2) | 0.243 |
| Annual vaccination protects from flu | 133/60 (68.9/31.1) | 348/237 (59.5/40.5) | 0.019* | 235/18 (66.6/33.4) | 132/105 (55.7/44.3) | 103/68 (60.2/39.8) | 11/6 (64.7/35.3) | 0.061 |
| Vaccination prevents flu complications | 126/67 (65.3/34.7) | 325/260 (55.6/44.4) | 0.018* | 227/126 (64.3/35.7) | 120/117 (50.6/49.4) | 95/76 (55.6/44.4) | 9/8 (52.9/47.1) | 0.009* |
| Flu vaccine is effective and safe | 111/82 (57.5/42.5) | 306/279 (52.3/47.7) | 0.209 | 162/191 (45.9/54.1) | 128/109 (54.0/46.0) | 112/59 (65.5/34.5) | 15/2 (88.2/11.8) | <0.001* |
| Flu vaccine is given in winter | 147/46 (76.2/23.8) | 393/192 (67.2/32.8) | 0.019* | 254/99 (72.0/28.0) | 160/77 (67.5/32.5) | 117/54 (68.4/31.6) | 9/8 (52.9/47.1) | 0.292 |
| Flu vaccine is free | 74/119 (38.3/61.7) | 196/389 (33.5/66.5) | 0.221 | 144/209 (40.8/59.2) | 77/160 (32.5/67.5) | 47/124 (27.5/72.5) | 2/15 (11.8/88.2) | 0.003* |
| Flu vaccine can cause influenza | 27/166 (14.0/86.0) | 104/481 (17.8/82.2) | 0.223 | 51/302 (14.4/85.6) | 48/189 (20.3/79.7) | 31/140 (18.1/81.9) | 1/16 (59/94.1) | 0.166 |
| Flu vaccine weakens the immune system | 117/76 (60.6/39.4) | 309/276 (52.8/47.2) | 0.059 | 191/162 (54.1/45.9) | 122/115 (51.5/48.5) | 103/68 (60.2/39.8) | 10/7 (58.8/41.2) | 0.351 |
| Flu vaccine is recommended for children 6 months of age and above | 67/126 (34.7/65.3) | 164/421 (28.0/72.0) | 0.078 | 124/229 (35.1/64.9) | 65/172 (27.4/72.6) | 40/131 (23.4/76.6) | 2/15 (11.8/88.2) | 0.010* |
| Flu vaccine is recommended for elderly >65 years | 83/110 (43.0/57.0) | 249/336 (42.6/57.4) | 0.914 | 141/212 (39.9/60.1) | 94/143 (39.7/60.3) | 89/82 (52.0/48.0) | 8/9 (47.1/529) | 0.042* |
| Practice | ||||||||
| Planning to have the vaccine this year | 72/121 (37.3/62.7) | 253/332 (43.2/56.8) | 0.147 | 124/229 (35.1/64.9) | 109/128 (46.0/54.0) | 84/87 (49.1/50.9) | 8/9 (47.1/52.9) | 0.007* |
| Have been vaccinated | 95/98 (49.2/50.8) | 54/231 (60.5/39.5) | 0.006* | 175/178 (49.6/50.4) | 160/77 (67.5/32.5) | 107/64 (62.6/37.4) | 7/10 (41.2/58.8) | <0.001* |
| Reasons/Barriers | ||||||||
| Avoid medications | 54/139 (28.0/72.0) | 216/369 (36.9/63.1) | 0.024* | 99/254 (28.0/72.0) | 98/139 (41.4/58.6) | 67/104 (39.2/60.8) | 6/11 (35.3/64.7) | 0.005* |
| Thinks flu is a simple disease/no need for vaccine | 59/134 (30.6/69.4) | 237/348 (40.5/59.5) | 0.014* | 90/263 (25.5/74.5) | 122/115 (51.5/48.5) | 77/94 (45.0/55.0) | 7/10 (41.22/58.8) | <0.001* |
| Concerned with side effects | 54/139 (28.0/72.0) | 205/380 (35.0/65.0) | 0.071 | |||||
| Risk of acquiring influenza is low | 28/165 (14.5/85.5) | 130/455 (22.2/77.8) | 0.021* | 94/259 (26.6/73.4) | 101/136 (42.6/57.4) | 59/112 (34.5/65.5) | 5/12 (29.4/70.6) | 0.001* |
| Do not believe vaccine is effective | 28/165 (14.5/85.5) | 79/506 (13.5/86.5) | 0.726 | 78/275 (22.1/77.9) | 52/185 (21.9/78.1) | 25/146 (14.6/85.4) | 3/14 (17.6/82.4) | 0.205 |
| Do not believe that vaccine is safe | 65/128 (33.7/66.3) | 284/301 (48.5/51.5) | <0.001* | 54/299 (15.3/84.7) | 35/202 (14.8/85.2) | 15/156 (8.8/91.2) | 3/14 (17.6/82.4) | 0.194 |
| Flu shot makes them sick | 22/171 (11.4/88.6) | 174/411 (29.7/70.3) | <0.001* | 140/213 (39.7/60.3) | 118/119 (49.8/50.2) | 85/86 (49.7/50.3) | 6/11 (35.3/64.7) | 0.038* |
| Do not know where to go | 82/111 (42.5/57.5) | 251/334 (42.9/57.1) | 0.919 | 74/279 (21.0/79.0) | 73/164 (30.8/69.2) | 48/123 (28.1/71.9) | 1/16 (5.9/94.1) | 0.010* |
| Bad experience with the previous vaccine | 151/42 (78.2/21.8) | 467/118 (79.8/20.2) | 0.635 | 174/179 (49.3/50.7) | 90/147 (38.0/62.0) | 60/111 (35.1/64.9) | 9/8 (52.9/47.1) | 0.004* |
| Do not think they do not belong to the high-risk group | 125/68 (64.8/35.2) | 285/300 (48.7/51.3) | <0.001* | 256/97 (72.5/27.5) | 202/35 (85.22/14.8) | 145/26 (84.8/15.2) | 15/2 (88.2/11.8) | <0.001* |
| Fear of injections | 89/104 (46.1/53.9) | 313/272 (53.5/46.5) | 0.075 | 202/151 (57.2/42.8) | 108/129 (45.6/54.4) | 89/82 (52.0/48.0) | 11/6 (64.7/35.3) | 0.033* |
| Forgot to get vaccinated | 83/110 (43.0/57.0) | 250/335 (42.7/57.3) | 0.876 | 154/199 (43.6/56.4) | 134/103 56.5/43.5) | 104/67 (60.8/39.2) | 10/7 (58.8/41.2) | 0.001* |
| The MoH have not made vaccination obligatory | 103/90 (53.4/46.6) | 212/373 (36.2/63.8) | <0.001* | 160/193 (45.3/54.7) | 83/154 (35.0/65.0) | 63/108 (36.8/63.2) | 9/8 (52.9/47.1) | 0.038* |
*Significant