Figure 4.

(A) L-rapa at 20 nM and 2 nM combined with LIPUS significantly enhanced proteoglycan production in HOACs. (B) L-rapa at 2 nM collaborated with LIPUS enhanced type II collagen production by nearly 3-folds in HOACs. (C) Treatment with pure rapamycin and L-rapa in the presence or absence of LIPUS, and LIIPUS alone inhibited MMP-13 proteins and (D) L-rapa at 2 nM and 20 nM in the presence of LIPUS significantly suppressed IL-6 protein production in HOACs (*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001; by one-way ANOVA, N=5).