Table 1.

The 5-component framework for global surgery and indicators used to evaluate each component [6]

Component	Indicators
Infrastructure	Proportion of the population with 2-h access to a first-level facility WHO Hospital Assessment Tool (a structured appraisal of equipment electricity, water and sundries) Proportion of hospitals fulfilling the safe surgery criteria Blood bank donation rate and distribution
Workforce	Density and distribution of specialist SAO providers Number of SAO graduates and retirees Proportion of surgical workforce training programmes accredited The presence of task sharing or nursing accredited programmes and number of providers The presence of attraction and retention strategies Density and distribution of nurses, and ancillary staff including operational managers, biomedical engineers, and radiology, pathology, and laboratory technicians
Service delivery	Proportion of surgical facilities offering the Bellwether procedures Number of surgical procedures done per year Peri-operative morbidity and mortality Availability of system-wide communication
Financing	Surgical expenditure as a proportion of gross domestic product Surgical expenditure as a proportion of total national health-care budget Out-of-pocket expenditures on surgery Catastrophic and impoverishing expenditures on surgery
Information management	The presence of data systems that promote monitoring and accountability related to surgical and anaesthesia care Proportion of hospital facilities with high-speed internet connections
Governance	Governmental and non-governmental actors that influence SOA health delivery structures The manner in which these key actors relate and engage with another to influence health delivery Formulation of policies, regulations, and national budgets