Table 1.
Engineering niche properties to modulate stem cell phenotype
| Stem cell phenotype | Stem cell type | Engineered niche factor(s) | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stemness maintenance: expansion | Pluripotent stem cells | Matrix stiffness | 104 |
| Matrix composition | 100, 101, 103 | ||
| Hematopoietic stem cells | Matrix stiffness | 110, 111 | |
| Matrix composition | 111, 112 | ||
| Cell–cell factors | 113 | ||
| Mesenchymal stem cells | Matrix stiffness | 116, 117 | |
| Matrix composition | 119 | ||
| Microstructure | 118 | ||
| Intestinal stem cells | Matrix stiffness, degradability, composition | 121 | |
| Stemness maintenance: quiescence | Muscle stem cells | Matrix stiffness | 124-126 |
| Microstructure, soluble factors | 126 | ||
| Differentiation | Pluripotent stem cells | Matrix stiffness | 129-133 |
| Matrix composition | 138-140 | ||
| Microstructure | 134-137 | ||
| Mesenchymal stem cells | Matrix stiffness | 14, 17, 142 | |
| Matrix viscoelasticity | 26, 28, 143, 144 | ||
| Matrix degradability | 46 | ||
| Cell-adhesive ligands | 40, 49, 145, 146 | ||
| Matrix composition | 148 | ||
| Cell-secreted factors | 88, 149 | ||
| Cell–cell contact | 95, 96, 151 | ||
| Neural stem cells | Matrix stiffness | 154-160 | |
| Matrix degradation | 161 | ||
| Microstructure | 162 | ||
| Cell-adhesive ligands | 15, 39, 42 | ||
| Cell-secreted factors | 163 |