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. 2020 May 28;13:1863–1872. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S234563

Table 4.

Hazard Ratio (95% CI) of Risk Factors Associated with Diabetic Complications in the Different Multistate Models

From To HbA1C LDL HDL Cholesterol TG
No complications Retinopathy (alone) 1.30 (1.24, 1.37) 1.004 (1.000, 1.008) 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) 1.006 (1.004, 1.009) 1.00 (0.99, 1.01)
No complications CAD (alone) 1.05 (0.98, 1.12) 1.004 (1.000, 1.007) 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) 1.002 (0.999, 1.005) 0.99 (0.98, 1.01)
No complications Microalbuminuria 1.06 (0.99, 1.14) 1.005 (1.001, 1.009) 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) 1.001 (0.998, 1.004) 0.94 (0.81, 1.09)
No complications Mortality 1.67 (1.44, 1.96) 1.031 (1.018, 1.044) 1.00 (0.94, 1.07) 1.014 (1.010, 1.019) 0.99 (0.90, 1.10)
Retinopathy (alone) Retinopathy and CAD 1.16 (1.04, 1.30) 1.011 (1.004, 1.018) 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) 1.013 (1.010, 1.017) 0.98 (0.92, 1.06)
Retinopathy (alone) Mortality 1.43 (1.29, 1.59) 1.032 (1.021, 1.042) 1.00 (0.97, 1.04) 1.016 (1.013, 1.020) 0.97 (0.93, 1.02)
CAD (alone) Retinopathy and CAD 1.29 (1.18, 1.41) 1.005 (0.999, 1.011) 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) 1.006 (1.001, 1.010) 0.99 (0.71, 1.37)
CAD (alone) Mortality 1.37 (1.15, 1.63) 1.018 (1.007, 1.029) 0.98 (0.92, 1.03) 1.014 (1.010, 1.018) 0.99 (0.98, 1.01)
Microalbuminuria No complications 1.13 (1.00, 1.27) 1.001 (0.997, 1.004) 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) 0.999 (0.996, 1.002) 1.00 (0.86, 1.18)
Microalbuminuria Retinopathy (alone) 1.36 (1.11, 1.66) 0.999 (0.985, 1.014) 1.02 (0.99, 1.04) 0.998 (0.986, 1.011) 1.00 (0.78, 1.27)
Microalbuminuria Mortality 0.66 (0.12, 3.78) 1.021 (0.992, 1.052) 1.03 (0.98, 1.09) 1.017 (0.991, 1.043) 1.00 (0.76, 1.29)
Retinopathy and CAD Mortality 1.67 (1.46, 1.92) 1.024 (1.016, 1.032) 0.97 (0.95, 0.99) 1.018 (1.015, 1.021) 1.00 (0.74, 1.31)
−2 log likelihood 17330.47 18239.91 18486.14 19085.43 21426.01
From To SBP DBP Time-varying hypertension (140/90) Sex BMI
No complications Retinopathy (alone) 1.019 (1.013, 1.026) 1.016 (1.004, 1.028) 1.338 (1.029, 1.739) 0.85 (0.67, 1.07) 0.98 (0.95, 1.05)
No complications CAD (alone) 1.002 (0.995, 1.009) 0.996 (0.985, 1.008) 0.829 (0.612, 1.123) 1.19 (0.94, 1.50) 1.01 (0.99, 1.04)
No complications Microalbuminuria 0.996 (0.988, 1.004) 0.979 (0.966, 0.993) 0.569 (0.394, 0.821) 1.12 (0.82, 1.46) 0.98 (0.96, 1.02)
No complications Mortality 1.041 (1.030, 1.053) 1.053 (1.024, 1.084) 4.089 (2.285, 7.315) 0.49 (0.27, 0.93) 0.88 (0.81, 0.96)
Retinopathy (alone) Retinopathy (alone)
Retinopathy (alone) Retinopathy and CAD 1.021 (1.010, 1.031) 1.045 (1.022, 1.069) 1.791 (1.075, 2.984) 0.98 (0.60, 1.59) 0.99 (0.93, 1.05)
Retinopathy (alone) Mortality 1.027 (1.014, 1.040) 1.036 (0.999, 1.074) 2.651 (1.289, 5.454) 0.52 (0.25, 1.08) 0.75 (0.66, 0.84)
CAD (alone) CAD (alone)
CAD (alone) Retinopathy and CAD 1.016 (1.006, 1.027) 1.003 (0.986, 1.020) 1.322 (0.869, 2.011) 0.70 (0.47, 1.04) 0.97 (0.93, 1.01)
CAD (alone) Mortality 1.036 (1.026, 1.047) 1.061 (1.041, 1.081) 4.976 (2.553, 9.696) 0.36 (0.20, 0.66) 0.88 (0.81, 0.95)
Microalbuminuria No complications 0.999 (0.993, 1.006) 0.990 (0.979, 1.002) 0.658 (0.487, 0.900) 1.32 (1.06, 1.64) 0.98 (0.96, 1.01)
Microalbuminuria Retinopathy (alone) 1.020 (1.001, 1.039) 1.044 (0.996, 1.095) 1.900 (0.741, 4.869) 0.51 (0.22, 1.17) 0.95 (0.81, 1.12)
Microalbuminuria Microalbuminuria
Microalbuminuria Mortality 0.954 (0.816, 1.116) 1.111 (0.811, 1.522) 0.954 (big) 2.67 (–) 1.13 (0.77, 1.65)
Retinopathy and CAD Retinopathy and CAD
Retinopathy and CAD Mortality 1.032 (1.021, 1.043) 1.055 (1.026, 1.084) 3.424 (1.658, 7.069) 0.57 (0.28, 1.13) 0.93 (0.86, 1.00)
−2 log likelihood 20348.2 20448.78 20443.58 22202.77 9559.685