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State-level inequalities in life expectancy at age 5 years in Germany and selected countries by sex, 1991–2015 (in years). (i) Data are smoothed using a Loess filter to make trends for each country more visible. Ruptures in the time series are caused by missing data points. (ii) Data sources, the method description as well as unsmoothed trends are available in the Online Supplementary Appendix A, available as Supplementary data at IJE online.
