Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of participants in LIFEPATH (n = 179 089) included in the present study
| Men (n = 48 070) (26.8%) |
Women (n = 131 020) (73.2%) |
All (n = 179 090) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socio-economic position (SEP) (n = 31 089) |
Education (n = 48 033) |
Socio-economic position (SEP) (n = 32 067) |
Education (n = 131 020) |
||||||
| Lower SEP (n = 7092) (23%) | Higher SEP (n = 23 997) (77%) | Lower education (n = 36 091) (75%) | Higher education (n = 11 942) (25%) | Lower SEP (n = 12 531) (39%) | Higher SEP (n = 19 536) (61%) | Lower education (n = 93 235) (71%) | Higher education (n = 37 785) (29%) | ||
| All-cause mortality N (N%) | |||||||||
| Alive | 6302 | 21 683 | 29 646 | 10 510 (88.0%) | 11 785 (94.0%) | 18 586 (95.1%) | 83 995 (90.1%) | 35 010 (92.7%) | 159 162 (88.9%) |
| (88.9%) | (90.4%) | (82.1%) | |||||||
| Deceased | 790 | 2314 | 6445 | 1432 (12.0%) | 746 (5.9%) | 950 (4.9%) | 9220 (9.9%) | 2769 (7.3%) | 19 866 (11.1%) |
| (11.1%) | (9.6%) | (17.9%) | |||||||
| Average follow-up time in years (SD) | 17.1 (6.1) | 20.4 | 18.8 | 18.6 | 15.7 | 16.6 | 17.1 | 17.02 (3.6) | 17.5 |
| (6.7) | (6.1) | (5.8) | (5.3) | (5.8) | (3.9) | (4.6) | |||
| Baseline characteristics | |||||||||
| Age at baseline, mean (SD) | 49 | 47 | 51 | 49 | 50 | 48 | 51 | 17 | 50 |
| (8.0) | (6.8) | (8.7) | (8.2) | (8.8) | (8.5) | (8.1) | (3.6) | (8.1) | |
| Marital status, N (N%) | |||||||||
| Married | 5588 (90.3%) | 20 764 (90.1%) | 29 638 | 9687 (82.6%) | 10 049 (81.1%) | 15 187 (78.5%) | 73 157 (81.2%) | 27 380 (74.7%) | 139 887 (81.2%) |
| (87.9%) | |||||||||
| Not married | 601 (9.7%) | 2283 (9.9%) | 4074 | 2040 (17.4%) | 2337 (18.9%) | 4150 (21.5%) | 16 936 (18.8%) | 9265 (25.3%) | 32 324 (18.8%) |
| (12.1%) | |||||||||
| Mediating lifestyle behaviours | |||||||||
| Smoking, N (N%) | |||||||||
| Never-smoker | 2114 (29.8%) | 8768 (36.5%) | 11 951 (33.1%) | 5858 (49.0%) | 7848 (62.6%) | 10 506 (53.8%) | 56 955 (61.1%) | 18 329 (48.5%) | 93 107 (52.0%) |
| Ever-smoker | 4978 (70.2%) | 15 229 (63.5%) | 24 140 (66.9%) | 6084 (50.9%) | 4683 (37.4%) | 9030 (46.2%) | 36 280 (38.9%) | 19 456 (51.5%) | 85 983 (48.0%) |
| Alcohol intake, N (N%) | |||||||||
| ≤2 (M)/1 (F) drinks per day | 4209 (59.4%) | 15 651 (65.2%) | 23 238 (64.4%) | 8274 (69.3%) | 10 112 (80.7%) | 15 308 (78.4%) | 66 141 (70.9%) | 22 609 (59.8%) | 120 282 (67.2%) |
| >2 (M)/1 (F) drinks per day | 2883 (40.6%) | 8346 (34.8%) | 12 853 (35.6%) | 3668 (30.7%) | 2419 (19.3%) | 4228 (21.6%) | 27 094 (29.1%) | 15 176 (40.2%) | 58 807 (32.8%) |
| Dietary pattern, IQR (SD) | |||||||||
| Western | 1.4 | 0.15 (1.02) | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 2 | 1.2 |
| (3.4) | (8.9) | (9.8) | (–5.9) | (–4.8) | (–15.5) | (0.74) | (6.1) | ||
| Physical activity (PA), N (N%) | |||||||||
| Not active | 4698 (66.3%) | 15 095 (62.9%) | 22 054 (61.1%) | 6120 (51.3%) | 9121 (72.8%) | 14 232 (72.9%) | 40 262 (43.2%) | 10 659 (28.2%) | 79 114 (44.2%) |
| Active | 2386 (33.7%) | 8890 (37.1%) | 14 019 (38.9%) | 5820 (48.7%) | 3401 (27.2%) | 5279 (27.1%) | 52 946 (56.8%) | 27 119 (71.8%) | 99 922 (55.8%) |
| Intermediate phenotype mediator | |||||||||
| BMI, mean (SD) | 27.02 (3.7) | 26.3 | 27.1 | 26.3 | 26.4 | 25.5 | 25.2 | 23.6 | 25.3 |
| (3.4) | (3.8) | (3.7) | (4.6) | (4.5) | (4.7) | (3.9) | (4.4) | ||
| Normal | 2105 (29.7%) | 8943 (37.3%) | 10 732 (29.7%) | 4504 (37.7%) | 5394 (43.0%) | 10 265 (52.5%) | 51 567 (55.3%) | 26 796 (70.9%) | 93 609 (52.3%) |
| Overweight | 3729 (52.6%) | 12 054 (50.2%) | 18 484 (51.2%) | 5826 (48.8%) | 4755 (38.0%) | 6415 (32.8%) | 28 217 (30.3%) | 8390 (22.2%) | 60 934 (34.0%) |
| Obese | 1258 (17.7%) | 3000 (12.5%) | 6875 (19.1%) | 1612 (13.5%) | 2382 (19.0%) | 2856 (14.6%) | 13 451 (14.4%) | 2599 (6.9%) | 24 547 (13.7%) |
| Co-morbidities mediators | |||||||||
| Hypertension, N (N%) | |||||||||
| Non- hypertensive | 4198 (59.2%) | 16 813 (70.1%) | 21 125 (58.6%) | 8071 (67.6%) | 9195 (74.9%) | 13 142 (67.3%) | 58 917 (63.2%) | 1448 (3.2%) | 116 579 (65.1%) |
| Hypertensive | 2894 (40.8%) | 7184 (29.9%) | 14 943 (41.4%) | 3863 (32.4%) | 3075 (25.1%) | 6394 (32.7%) | 34 293 (36.8%) | 9323 (24.7%) | 62 444 (34.9%) |
| Diabetes, N (N%) | |||||||||
| Non- diabetic | 6389 (95.2%) | 21 286 (95.8%) | 32 350 (95.0%) | 11 088 (97.3%) | 11 827 (96.7%) | 18 488 (97.7%) | 44 065 (96.8%) | 9924 (98.5%) | 97 861 (96.4%) |
| Diabetic | 320 | 935 (4.2%) | 1692 (5.0%) | 311 (2.7%) | 406 (3.3%) | 441 (2.3%) | 1448 (3.2%) | 156 (1.6%) | 3639 (3.6%) |
| (4.8%) | |||||||||
| Coronary artery disease (CAD), N (N%) | |||||||||
| No-CAD | 1924 (93.1%) | 11 484 (93.3%) | 21 285 (92.0%) | 7728 (94.5%) | 2442 (97.7%) | 5018 (98.5%) | 70 490 (98.0%) | 34 275 (99.0%) | 133 808 (97.0%) |
| CAD | 143 (6.9%) | 823 (6.7%) | 1853 (8.0%) | 452 (5.5%) | 58 (2.3%) | 78 (1.5%) | 1439 (2.0%) | 345 (1.0%) | 4095 (3.0%) |