Table 1.

Biomarkers or indicators for diagnosis and prognosis of COVID-19.

biomarkers or indicators	mechanism	specimens/equipment	comments
lung	clinical symptoms	chest/CT scan	limited to central hospital
RNA (ORF1ab, N genes etc.)	virus genome	list in Table 2	high false negative rates
virus/antigen	virus proteins		ultrasensitive method needed
antibody (IgG/lg M)	human immune responses	human blood	prone to false positive result
cytokine (IL-6)	immune storm/cytokine storm in the body		prognosis for severe COVID-19