Figure 3. Results of the cognitive model comparison.

Leave-one-out (LOO) log-likelihood estimates were calculated over all drug conditions (n = 31 subjects with t = 3*300 trials) and once separately for each drug condition (n = 31 with t = 300). All LOO estimates were divided by the total number of data points in the sample (n*t) for better comparability across the different approaches. Note that the relative order of LOO estimates is invariant to linear transformations. Delta: simple delta learning rule; Bayes: Bayesian learner; SM: softmax (random exploration); E: directed exploration; R: total uncertainty-based random exploration; P: perseveration.