. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2020 Mar 10;47:102149. doi: 10.1016/j.msksp.2020.102149

Table 1-.

Descriptive and inferential statistics of the control variables measured for small and large varus groups

Variables	Mean (SD)		Median		Independent t-test or Mann-Whitney or Chi-square test
Variables	Small varus	Large varus	Small varus	Large varus	P	t or U or x²	d or r or rϕ
Age (years)^b	22.69 (3.92)	22.46 (4.56)	21.00	21.00	0.69	76.00	0.09
Body mass (kg)^a	63.33 (10.39)	66.75 (9.50)	61.92	65.09	0.39	−0.88	0.34
Height (cm)^a	1.69 (0.08)	1.69 (0.10)	1.70	1.68	0.97	−0.03	0.01
Sex (men/women)^c	6/7	4/9	---	---	0.42	0.65	0.16
Walking speed (m/s)^a	1.21 (0.16)	1.13 (0.15)	1.18	1.10	0.18	1.38	0.54

= Independent test-t;

= Mann-Whitney test;

= Chi-square test;

SD = standard deviation; t = statistic for Independent t-test; U = statistic for Mann-Whitney test; x² = statistic for Chi-square test; d = Cohen’s effect size for independent t-test; r = effect size for Mann-Whitney test; rϕ = Phi coefficient (effect size for Chi-square test).