TABLE 5.
Modeled estimates of differences in disease activity between an anti-inflammatory diet (intervention) and a diet nutritionally similar to a typical Swedish diet (control) for 10 wk among patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the randomized crossover ADIRA (Anti-inflammatory Diet in Rheumatoid Arthritis) trial1
| Intervention | Control | Difference between periods2 | 95% CIs | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DAS28-ESR3 | |||||
| Mean change (95% CIs) | −0.369 (−0.628, −0.111) | −0.080 (−0.335, 0.174) | −0.289 | −0.652, 0.075 | 0.116 |
| Tender joints,4 % | |||||
| No tender joints at end of period | 33.2 (16.1, 56.2) | 27.1 (12.7, 48.7) | 6.1 | −15.2, 27.3 | 0.572 |
| Swollen joints,4 % | |||||
| No swollen joints at end of period | 48.6 (23.8, 74.1) | 37.3 (16.2, 64.5) | 11.4 | −14.4, 37.2 | 0.383 |
| ESR3,5 | |||||
| Mean change (95% CIs) | −0.051 (−0.347, 0.245) | 0.210 (−0.081, 0.501) | −0.261 | −0.661, 0.138 | 0.194 |
| VAS-GH,3, 5 mm | |||||
| Mean change (95% CIs) | −0.219 (−0.742, 0.303) | 0.099 (−0.415, 0.613) | −0.319 | −0.991, 0.354 | 0.343 |
| DAS28-CRP3 | |||||
| Mean change (95% CIs) | −0.455 (−0.698, −0.212) | −0.222 (−0.461, 0.017) | −0.233 | −0.569, 0.103 | 0.169 |
Participants completing ≥1 diet period (n = 47). CRP, C-reactive protein; DAS28, Disease Activity Score-28; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; VAS-GH, visual analog scale for general health.
Intervention minus control, post-period values.
Analyzed by use of a linear mixed model with period, treatment, sequence, and baseline value as fixed effects and subject as random effect.
Analyzed by use of a generalized linear mixed model with period, treatment, sequence, baseline value, and dietary quality as fixed effects, subject as random effect, and the outcome variable dichotomous as 0 = no tender/swollen joints, 1 = ≥1 tender/swollen joint.
Variable transformed with the square-root function for normal distribution before analysis. The values presented are the transformed values.