TABLE 6.
Disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis consuming an anti-inflammatory diet (intervention) and diet nutritionally similar to a typical Swedish diet (control) for 10 wk in the randomized crossover ADIRA (Anti-inflammatory Diet in Rheumatoid Arthritis) trial1
| Intervention period | Control period | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre (n = 46) | Post (n = 45) | Δ | P 2 | Pre (n = 47) | Post (n = 46) | Δ | P 3 | P | |
| DAS28-ESR | 3.39 [2.66–4.41] | 3.05 [2.41–3.79] | −0.42 | 0.012 | 3.42 [2.86–4.46] | 3.27 [2.76–4.31] | −0.05 | 0.694 | 0.0404 |
| Tender joints | |||||||||
| 0 | 11 (23.9) | 16 (35.6) | 8 (17.0) | 14 (30.4) | 0.5655 | ||||
| 1–4 | 20 (43.5) | 23 (51.1) | 26 (55.3) | 22 (47.8) | |||||
| 5–10 | 13 (28.3) | 5 (11.1) | 10 (21.3) | 6 (13.0) | |||||
| 11–20 | 2 (4.3) | 1 (2.2) | 3 (6.4) | 4 (8.7) | |||||
| ≥21 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||||
| Worse | 9 (20.0) | 14 (30.4) | 0.2765 | ||||||
| No change | 11 (24.4) | 14 (30.4) | |||||||
| Better | 25 (55.6) | 18 (39.1) | |||||||
| Swollen joints | |||||||||
| 0 | 16 (34.8) | 21 (46.7) | 14 (29.8) | 19 (41.3) | 0.8935 | ||||
| 1–2 | 21 (45.7) | 19 (42.2) | 25 (53.2) | 23 (50.0) | |||||
| 3–5 | 8 (17.4) | 4 (8.9) | 8 (17.0) | 3 (6.5) | |||||
| 6–10 | 1 (2.2) | 1 (2.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.2) | |||||
| ≥11 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||||
| Worse | 9 (20.0) | 6 (13.0) | 0.3315 | ||||||
| No change | 14 (31.1) | 21 (45.7) | |||||||
| Better | 22 (48.9) | 19 (41.3) | |||||||
| ESR, mm | 18 [9–26] | 17 [8–29] | 0.0 | 0.984 | 19 [9–26] | 19.5 [8–33] | 1.0 | 0.073 | 0.1554 |
| VAS-GH, mm | 40 [21–59] | 34 [19–54] | −4.0 | 0.265 | 37 [25–59] | 44 [25–62] | 0.0 | 0.668 | 0.0804 |
| DAS28-CRP | 3.18 [2.40–3.96] | 2.76 [2.00–3.40] | −0.47 | 0.003 | 3.19 [2.64–4.02] | 2.95 [2.26–3.66] | −0.26 | 0.079 | 0.1074 |
Values are median [IQR] or n (%) unless otherwise stated. CRP, C-reactive protein; DAS28, Disease Activity Score-28; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; VAS-GH, visual analog scale for general health.
Wilcoxon's Signed Rank test, comparison of pre-value and post-value for each diet, n = 45.
Wilcoxon's Signed Rank test, comparison of pre-value and post-value for each diet, n = 46.
Wilcoxon's Signed Rank test, comparison of post-values between diets, including participants completing both diet periods (n = 44). As a consequence, there were small changes in median and/or IQR for the control period and/or intervention period.
Chi-square test (post-values).