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. 2020 Feb 13;111(6):1226–1234. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa015

TABLE 3.

Associations of gut microbiome community structure with plasma TMAO, choline, carnitine, and betaine in the Adiposity Phenotype Study1

Unweighted UniFrac Weighted UniFrac
R 2 P R 2 P
TMAO 0.0009 0.007 0.0008 0.151
Choline 0.0007 0.184 0.0004 0.569
Carnitine 0.0007 0.491 0.0007 0.389
Betaine 0.0009 0.012 0.0013 0.049
1

Associations of TMAO, choline, and betaine with biomarkers were assessed in n = 1653 participants, whereas carnitine and biomarker associations were assessed in n = 1371 participants. R2 and P values estimated using permutational multivariate ANOVA. All models adjusted for age, sex, race-ethnicity, physical activity, percentage body fat, and laboratory batch. TMAO, trimethylamine N-oxide.