TABLE 4.

Cross-sectional associations of MeDS z-scores and bone mineral density (g/cm²) for men, and premenopausal and postmenopausal women

	MeDS (n = 865)
	Men (n = 244)		Premenopausal women1 (n = 139)		Postmenopausal women2(n = 507)
	β ± SE	P	β ± SE	P	β ± SE	P
Trochanter
Unadjusted	0.010 ± 0.009	0.27	−0.005 ± 0.011	0.60	0.014 ± 0.006	0.02
Model 1	0.009 ± 0.009	0.32	−0.004 ± 0.010	0.67	0.014 ± 0.006	0.014
Model 2	0.005 ± 0.009	0.56	−0.002 ± 0.009	0.83	0.015 ± 0.005	0.004
Model 3	0.005 ± 0.009	0.58	−0.005 ± 0.010	0.54	0.015 ± 0.005	0.007
Femoral neck
Unadjusted	0.010 ± 0.009	0.31	−0.006 ± 0.010	0.53	0.010 ± 0.006	0.10
Model 1	0.011 ± 0.010	0.24	−0.005 ± 0.010	0.61	0.011 ± 0.006	0.07
Model 2	0.007 ± 0.009	0.42	−0.004 ± 0.010	0.68	0.010 ± 0.005	0.08
Model 3	0.007 ± 0.009	0.46	−0.007 ± 0.010	0.47	0.010 ± 0.005	0.07
Total hip
Unadjusted	0.012 ± 0.010	0.23	−0.004 ± 0.011	0.70	0.014 ± 0.007	0.044
Model 1	0.012 ± 0.010	0.23	−0.003 ± 0.011	0.80	0.014 ± 0.007	0.030
Model 2	0.007 ± 0.010	0.45	−0.0003 ± 0.01	0.97	0.016 ± 0.006	0.009
Model 3	0.007 ± 0.010	0.47	−0.003 ± 0.011	0.76	0.015 ± 0.006	0.01
Lumbar spine
Unadjusted	0.015 ± 0.012	0.21	−0.006 ± 0.014	0.67	0.009 ± 0.008	0.23
Model 1	0.011 ± 0.012	0.38	−0.005 ± 0.013	0.74	0.009 ± 0.008	0.20
Model 2	0.006 ± 0.012	0.61	−0.006 ± 0.013	0.64	0.009 ± 0.007	0.19
Model 3	0.001 ± 0.012	0.90	−0.008 ± 0.014	0.57	0.008 ± 0.007	0.28

¹Premenopausal women including postmenopausal estrogen users.

²Postmenopausal women, excluding estrogen users.

Multivariable linear regression models were used. Unadjusted model includes the dietary quality index only. Model 1 was adjusted for age and sex. Model 2 was adjusted for model 1 plus BMI and height. Model 3 was adjusted for model 2 plus smoking status, season of bone mineral density measurement (fall, winter, spring, summer), osteoporosis medication use (yes/no), and calcium intake (mg/d), serum vitamin D status (mg/dL).

MeDS, Mediterranean Diet Score.