TABLE 5.

Cross-sectional associations of AHEI z-scores and bone mineral density (g/cm²) for men, and premenopausal and postmenopausal women

	AHEI (n = 865)
	Men (n = 237)		Premenopausal women1 (n = 133)		Postmenopausal women2 (n = 489)
	β ± SE	P	β ± SE	P	β ± SE	P
Trochanter
Unadjusted	0.009 ± 0.010	0.35	−0.006 ± 0.010	0.51	0.018 ± 0.006	0.003
Model 1	0.008 ± 0.010	0.42	−0.004 ± 0.010	0.71	0.020 ± 0.006	<0.001
Model 2	0.002 ± 0.009	0.83	−0.006 ± 0.009	0.51	0.021 ± 0.005	<0.001
Model 3	0.004 ± 0.010	0.67	−0.007 ± 0.012	0.56	0.018 ± 0.006	0.001
Femoral neck
Unadjusted	0.005 ± 0.010	0.61	−0.004 ± 0.010	0.66	0.013 ± 0.006	0.03
Model 1	0.008 ± 0.010	0.44	−0.0004 ± 0.010	0.97	0.015 ± 0.006	0.007
Model 2	0.005 ± 0.010	0.62	−0.004 ± 0.010	0.66	0.016 ± 0.005	0.004
Model 3	0.007 ± 0.010	0.51	−0.002 ± 0.013	0.86	0.015 ± 0.006	0.01
Total hip
Unadjusted	0.011 ± 0.010	0.32	−0.006 ± 0.011	0.59	0.020 ± 0.007	0.004
Model 1	0.011 ± 0.011	0.30	−0.001 ± 0.011	0.90	0.022 ± 0.007	<0.001
Model 2	0.005 ± 0.010	0.86	−0.006 ± 0.011	0.59	0.024 ± 0.006	0.001
Model 3	0.007 ± 0.011	0.54	0.0003 ± 0.014	0.98	0.021 ± 0.006	0.001
Lumbar spine
Unadjusted	0.011 ± 0.013	0.39	−0.016 ± 0.013	0.24	0.015 ± 0.008	0.05
Model 1	0.005 ± 0.013	0.67	−0.011 ± 0.014	0.41	0.017 ± 0.007	0.02
Model 2	0.004 ± 0.013	0.77	−0.014 ± 0.014	0.29	0.017 ± 0.008	0.03
Model 3	−0.007 ± 0.014	0.62	0.0008 ± 0.018	0.96	0.017 ± 0.008	0.02

¹Premenopausal women, including postmenopausal estrogen users.

²Postmenopausal women, excluding estrogen users.

Multivariable logistic regression models were used. Unadjusted model includes the dietary quality index only. Model 1 was adjusted for age and sex. Model 2 was adjusted for model 1 plus BMI and height. Model 3 was adjusted for model 2 plus smoking status, season of bone mineral density measurement (fall, winter, spring, summer), osteoporosis medication use (yes/no), and calcium intake (mg/d), total energy intake, serum vitamin D status (mg/dL).

AHEI, Alternative Health Eating Index-2010.