TABLE 7.
ORs and 95% CIs for the associations of individual components and osteoporosis at the lumbar spine or the femoral neck sites for each dietary index1,2,3
| DASH | MeDS | AHEI | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Postmenopausal women | Men | Postmenopausal women | Men | Postmenopausal women | |||
| Component | OR (95%CI) | OR (95% CI) | Component | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | Component | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) |
| Vegetables, servings/d | 0.80 (0.51, 1.2) | 0.82 (0.65, 1.03) | Vegetables, servings/d | 0.57 (0.18, 1.8) | 0.98 (0.55, 1.7) | Vegetables, servings/d | 0.86 (0.63, 1.2) | 0.86 (0.75, 1.0) |
| Fruit, servings/d | 0.81 (0.54, 1.2) | 0.91 (0.73, 1.1) | Fruit, servings/d | 0.64 (0.21, 1.9) | 0.91 (0.51, 1.6) | Fruit, servings/d | 0.94 (0.72, 1.2) | 0.89 (0.76, 1.03) |
| Whole grains, servings/d | 0.97 (0.65, 1.4) | 0.66 (0.52, 0.83) | Whole grains, g/d | 0.73 (0.25, 2.1) | 0.36 (0.19, 0.67) | Whole grains, g/d | 0.98 (0.65, 1.5) | 0.77 (0.62, 0.96) |
| Low-fat dairy, servings/d | 0.79 (0.52, 1.2) | 0.77 (0.61, 0.98) | Dairy, servings/d | 0.62 (0.20, 2.0) | 1.3 (0.68, 2.4) | |||
| Nuts, servings/d | 1.0 (0.67, 1.6) | 1.0 (0.79, 1.2) | Nuts and legumes, servings/d | 0.99 (0.34, 2.9) | 0.73 (0.41, 1.3) | Nuts and legumes, servings/d | 0.96 (0.78, 1.2) | 0.98 (0.88, 1.1) |
| Sugar-sweetened beverages, servings/d | 0.93 (0.62, 1.4) | 0.87 (0.70, 1.1) | Fish, servings/d | 3.1 (0.92, 10.2) | 0.83 (0.51, 1.3) | Sugar-sweetened beverages, servings/d | 0.93 (0.79, 1.1) | 0.98 (0.89, 1.1) |
| Red and processed meat, servings/d | 1.0 (0.51, 2.0) | 0.69 (0.48, 0.97) | Meat, servings/d | 2.0 (0.62, 6.5) | 0.29 (0.44, 1.4) | Red and processed meat, servings/d | 0.82 (0.65, 1.04) | 0.92 (0.81, 1.04) |
| Sodium, mg/d | 1.0 (0.51, 2.0) | 0.69 (0.48, 0.97) | MUFA:SFA ratio | 0.50 (0.16, 1.6) | 1.2 (0.68, 2.2) | Sodium, mg/d | 1.1 (0.79, 1.6) | 0.81 (0.65, 1.02) |
| Alcohol, drinks/d | 0.81 (0.23, 2.6) | 0.79 (0.42, 1.5) | Alcohol, drinks/d | 0.97 (0.82, 1.2) | 0.94 (0.84, 1.1) | |||
| PUFA, % of energy Long-chain n–3 fats | 1.2 (0.98, 1.5) | 0.91 (0.81, 1.02) | ||||||
| Trans fat, % energy | 0.73 (0.47, 1.1) | 0.74 (0.55, 1.0) | ||||||
1
*Denotes significant 95% CI.
2
Multivariable logistic regressions were used. Models were adjusted for age, education, BMI, height, smoking status, season of bone mineral density measurement (fall, winter, spring, summer), osteoporosis medication use (yes/no), and calcium intake (mg/d), serum vitamin D status (mg/dL). DASH and AHEI were also adjusted for total energy intake. DASH was also adjusted for alcohol consumption.
3
Postmenopausal women excluding estrogen users.
AHEI, Alternative Health Eating Index-2010; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; MeDS, Mediterranean Diet Score.