TABLE 3.
Incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes by dietary variables in the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: monitoring mothers-to-be according to usual intake of fruit and vegetables in the periconceptional period1
| Dietary exposure | Population at risk, n | Preterm birth cases, n (%) | Small-for-gestational-age birth cases, n (%) | Gestational diabetes cases, n (%) | Pre-eclampsia cases, n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total fruit density | |||||
| <80th percentile | 6058 | 468 (7.7) | 702 (11.6) | 295 (4.9) | 530 (8.8) |
| ≥80th percentile | 1514 | 93 (6.1) | 165 (10.9) | 67 (4.4) | 106 (7.0) |
| Total vegetable density | |||||
| <80th percentile | 6058 | 460 (7.7) | 708 (11.8) | 292 (4.9) | 539 (9.0) |
| ≥80th percentile | 1514 | 101 (6.4) | 159 (10.1) | 70 (4.4) | 97 (6.2) |
1
The 80th percentiles are 1.2 cups fruit/1000 kcal and 1.3 cups vegetables/1000 kcal. One cup is equivalent to 237 mL.