Table 2.
Endorsement of Barrier Categories by Demographic and Clinical Variables
| Barriers Total M (SD) |
Low Need % |
Time % |
Priv/Stig % |
Finance % |
Unhelpful % |
Logistics % |
Cultural % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Sample | 7.32 (3.8) | 49.8 | 66.7 | 31.8 | 49.3 | 30.1 | 21.6 | 12.6 |
| School Age | a:b > c*** | *** | * | *** | ** | ** | ** | *** |
| a18–19 Undergraduate | 7.71 (3.9) | 54.5 (+) | 64.2 (−) | 39.1 (+) | 4j.3 (−) | 32.8 (+) | 19.0 (−) | 11.1 |
| b20–25 Undergraduate | 7.33 (3.7) | 50.4 | 68.8 | 28.8 | 51.1 | 29.8 | 23.8 | 11.2 |
| cGraduate/Professional | 6.59 (3.7) | 40.8 (−) | 69.2 | 21.8 (−) | 52.7 | 25.6 (−) | 24.2 | 16.4 (+) |
| Gender | c > a > b*** | ** | *** | n.s. | *** | *** | *** | *** |
| aWoman | 7.64 (3.8) | 51.9 (+) | 70.8 (+) | 32.3 | 53.1 (+) | 32.2 (+) | 23.7 (+) | 12.7 |
| bMan | 6.61 (3.8) | 46.5 (−) | 59.5 (−) | 30.1 | 40.7 (−) | 25.8 (−) | 17.7 (−) | 9.2 (−) |
| cT ransgender/Queer | 8.86 (4.1) | 41.9 | 65.6 | 40.9 | 73.1 (+) | 36.6 | 25.8 | 50.5 (+) |
| Race | **(p-hoc n.s.) | n.s. | n.s. | ** | *** | n.s. | ** | *** |
| aWhite | 7.11 (3.6) | 50.2 | 68.6 (+) | 29.0 (−) | 46.7 (−) | 31.0 | 19.8 (−) | 5.6 (−) |
| bBlack | 7.65 (4.1) | 43.8 | 63.4 | 33.6 | 60.4 (+) | 32.8 | 29.4 (+) | 25.1 (+) |
| cAsian | 7.58 (4.2) | 49.0 | 63.6 | 35.1 | 46.8 | 27.6 | 23.9 | 25.7 (+) |
| dHispanic | 7.66 (4.0) | 51.5 | 63.8 | 37.7 (+) | 59.2 (+) | 30.0 | 22.3 | 17.9 (+) |
| eOther Race | 7.63 (3.4) | 52.3 | 68.5 | 37.8 | 51.4 | 24.3 | 23.4 | 16.2 |
| Sexuality | d:e > a*** | n.s. | * | * | *** | ** | *** | *** |
| aHeterosexual | 6.99 (3.8) | 50.7 | 65.4 | 30.2 | 44.3 (−) | 28.1 (−) | 19.2 (−) | 8.3 (−) |
| bMostly Heterosexual | 7.57 (3.8) | 51.9 | 71.6 | 30.7 | 49.7 | 33.2 | 26.9 (+) | 10.6 |
| cGay/Lesbian | 7.63 (3.6) | 40.7 | 69.2 | 36.3 | 54.9 | 29.7 | 21.4 | 30.2 (+) |
| dBisexual/Pansexual | 8.02 (3.7) | 49.9 | 68.9 | 35.4 | 63.0 (+) | 30.5 | 26.1 (+) | 20.6 (+) |
| eOther Sexual Minority | 7.98 (3.7) | 45.0 | 61.6 | 37.0 | 58.3 (+) | 41.2 (+) | 23.7 | 21.3 (+) |
| Past Year Treatment | n.s. | ** | ** | *** | ns. | *** | *** | n.s. |
| aNo | 7.28 (3.8) | 51.6 (+) | 65.3 (−) | 34.9 (+) | 48.4 | 27.3 (−) | 18.2 (−) | 12.3 |
| bYes (27.5%) | 7.41 (3.7) | 45.0 (−) | 70.5 (+) | 23.8 (−) | 51.7 | 37.4 (+) | 30.6 (+) | 13.3 |
| Depression Screen + | b > a*** | n.s. | ** | *** | * | *** | n.s. | n.s. |
| aNo11 | 6.72 (3.9) | 50.5 | 62.2 (−) | 26.3 (−) | 45.9 | 23.1 (−) | 20.3 | 11.4 |
| bYes (75.0%) | 7.52 (3.8) | 49.5 | 68.3 (+) | 33.7 (−) | 50.4 | 32.5 (+) | 22.1 | 13.0 |
| Alcohol Screen + | a > b*** | * | ns. | ** | *** | ** | *** | *** |
| aNo | 7.59 (3.8) | 48.0 (−) | 67.5 | 34.0 (+) | 52.6 (−) | 31.9 (+) | 23.6 (+) | 15.0 (+) |
| bYes (38.7%) | 6.89 (3.8) | 52.6 (+) | 65.6 | 28.4 (−) | 44.0 (+) | 27.2 (−) | 18.5 (−) | 8.7 (−) |
| Past Year SI | b > a*** | n.s. | n.s. | *** | ** | *** | ** | n.s. |
| aNo | 6.79 (3.7) | 51.1 | 66.4 | 25.3 (−) | 46.5 (−) | 24.3 (−) | 19.1 (−) | 11.5 |
| bYes (54.4%) | 7.76 (3.9) | 48.7 | 67.0 | 37.2 (+) | 51.6 (+) | 35.0 (+) | 23.8 (+) | 13.5 |
| Lifetime SA | b > a*** | n.s. | n.s. | ** | *** | *** | ** | *** |
| aNo | 7.14 (3.7) | 50.7 | 67.2 | 30.3 (−) | 46.9 (−) | 28.4 (−) | 20.4 (−) | 11.1 (−) |
| bYes (25.6%) | 7.83 (4.0) | 47.0 | 65.4 | 36.1 (+) | 56.1 (+) | 35.2 (+) | 25.2 (+) | 16.8 (+) |
*
Note. p <.05
**
p < .01
***
p < .001. Oneway ANOVAs (with Tukey post-hoc) and t-tests utilized to examine demographic and clinical variables with total barriers. Chi-square significance tests reported for demographic and clinical variables with the seven barrier categories. (+) and (−) indicates statistical significance at p <.01 for post-hoc analyses used to interpret chi-square contingency table test results. Low Need, Low Perceived Need; Priv/Stig, Privacy or Stigma; Transgender/Queer, Transgender or Genderqueer/non-conforming; SI, suicidal ideation; SA, suicide attempt; p-hoc, post-hoc; n.s., non-significant.