TABLE 1.

Summary of the features and function of lncRNAs, circRNAs, and snRNAs involved in MB.

Class	Name	Alteration	System	Observed phenotypes	Mechanism/target	References
Long ncRNA
Oncogene	ANRIL	Genetic variant	Primary tumors	Predisposition to MB	/	Chen et al., 2018
	ANRIL	Upregulation	MB cells	Cell viability migration, apoptosis	Decoy of miR-323; increase of BRI3; induction of MAPK, AKT, WNT pathways	Zhang et al., 2017a
	PVT1	Rearrangement	Group 3	Cell proliferation	miR-1204 upregulation	Northcott et al., 2012c
	Linc-Ned125	Upregulation	Group 4	Cell proliferation, migration invasivity	Decoy of miR-19a-3p, miR19b-3p, mir-106a5p; increase of Group 4 driver genes	Laneve et al., 2017
	CCAT1	Upregulation	Primary tumors	Cell proliferation, migration invasivity, tumor development	Post-translational modification of AKT pathway	Gao et al., 2018b
	LOXL1-AS1	Upregulation	Primary tumors	Cell proliferation, apoptosis, clonogenic potential, cell cycle, migration; EM transition; tumor size and weight	Activation of PI3K/AKT pathway	Gao et al., 2018a
	TP73-AS1	Upregulation	SHH	Cell viability, proliferation migration; tumor survival, growth, aggressiveness	Decoy of miR-494-3p upregulation of EIF5A2	Li et al., 2019; Varon et al., 2019
	HOTAIR	Upregulation	Primary tumors	Cell viability, colony formation, apoptosis, migration and invasion, tumor growth	Decoy of miR-1 and miR-206; upregulation of YY1	Zhang et al., 2020
	UCA1	Upregulation	Primary tumors	Cell cycle, migration, proliferation, aggregation, and apoptosis		Zhengyuan et al., 2017
	CRNDE	Upregulation	Primary tumors	Cell viability, proliferation, colony formation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, chemosensitivity tumor growth	Decoy of miR-29c-3p	Song et al., 2016,Sun et al., 2020
	SPRY4-IT1	Upregulation	MB cells	Cell proliferation, invasion, migration		Shi et al., 2017
	EVF-2	Upregulation	Primary tumors			Bonfim-Silva et al., 2013
Oncosuppressor	Nkx2-2as	Downregulation	SHH	Cell proliferation, apoptosis invasion, colony formation tumor growth	Decoy of miR-103a/107 and miR-548; downregulation of Btg2, Lats1, Lats2	Zhang et al., 2018
	HOTAIR	Downregulation	Primary tumors		Upregulation of Hoxd8 and Hoxd10	Chakravadhanula et al., 2014
circRNA	Circ-SKA3 circ-DTL	Upregulation	Primary tumors	Cell proliferation, migration, invasion	Upregulation of host transcripts	Lv et al., 2018
snRNAs	U1snRNA	Mutation	SHH	Patient survival	Dysregulation of oncogene and oncosuppressor splicing	Suzuki et al., 2019