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. 2020 May 27;10:760. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00760

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Copyright © 2020 Zhang, Fan, Che, Zhang, Li, Li, Wang, Wen, Hou, Shao, Liu and Qu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Characterization of serum-derived exosomes. Exosomes were purified from 100 μL serum. (A) Exosomal protein CD9, CD63, Flottin-1 and the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 on exosomes were verified by western blotting. (B) Exosomes isolated from serum were observed under electron microscopy (TEM) with 50–150 nm in diameter. Scale bar: 100 nm. (C) Concentration and size distribution of exosomes were analyzed by NanoSight. (D) Flow Cytometry was performed for the exosomes surface protein CD9, CD63 and exosomal PD-1, exosomal PD-L1 detection.