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. 2020 May 27;10:760. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00760

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Copyright © 2020 Zhang, Fan, Che, Zhang, Li, Li, Wang, Wen, Hou, Shao, Liu and Qu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Difference expression of co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory factors in responders and non-responders. The levels of four co-inhibitory factors (BTLA, TIM-3, LAG-3, and CTLA-4) and several co-stimulatory factors (CD27, CD28, CD40, HVEM, TLR-2, GITR, GITRL, ICOS, CD80, and CD86) on patients' serum were measured by the MILLIPLEX magnetic bead assay. Characterization of co-inhibitory (A) and co-stimulatory factors (B) expression in patients who responded or non-responded to PD-1 inhibitors were compared by the Unpaired Student's t-test. P-values less than 0.05 was considered that there existed statistical differences (*P < 0.05). P-values were corrected by FDR (False discovery rate) of Multiple Comparisons Correction.