Table 1.
Demographics and cognitive measures of the patients with frontal glioma and control subjects.
| Items | CN (n = 40) | All patients (n = 37) | FrontL (n = 16) | FrontR (n = 21) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 61.53 (7.40) | 46.27 (13.95)a | 45.44 (12.12)a | 46.90 (15.46)a |
| Gender (M/F), n | 18/22 | 22/15 | 8/8 | 14/7 |
| Education level (years) | 12.34 (2.37) | 7.65 (4.01)a | 7.88 (2.87)a | 7.48 (4.89)a |
| Handedness | R | R | R | R |
| MRI protocol, type 1/type 2, n | 40/0 | 16/21 | 7/9 | 9/12 |
| Tumor volume, cm3 | NA | 102.42 ± 71.66 (43.85–132.06) |
103.26 ± 77.53 (43.85–126.56) |
101.58 ± 65.78 (46.75–132.06) |
| Total intracranial volume, cm3 | 1483.82 ± 126.26 (1302.36–1572.52) |
1513.45 ± 120.54 (1323.76–1663.27) |
1505.25 ± 114.38 (1323.76–1580.28) |
1521.65 ± 126.70 (1348.36–1663.27) |
| Executive function | ||||
| Digit span test | 7.95 (1.32) | 7.32 (3.80) | 8.33 (6.09) | 6.85 (2.34) |
DST, digit span test; FrontL, patients with left frontal glioma; FrontR, patients with right frontal glioma; NA, not available.
The values are expressed as the mean (standard deviation, SD).
Significant differences were found between the CNs and patients with frontal glioma.
All p-values were obtained by t-tests, except for gender (chi-squared test). There are four illiterate glioma subjects. A total of eight subjects with right frontal glioma and 10 subjects with left frontal glioma did not complete the cognitive test. Due to a limited number of left frontal glioma patients with cognitive tests, we did not investigate the relationship between executive function and functional parameters in patients with left frontal glioma.