Table 5.

Characteristics and findings of work engagement studies.

Study and subtype	Purpose	Method	Main findings	Definition and components
(Bakker et al., 2008); work	Introduce concept of work engagement	Discuss literature	Components, antecedents and consequences	Existing: vigor, dedication, absorption
(Bargagliotti, 2012); work	Apply concept to new context	Systematic review	Antecedents and consequences	Existing: vigor, dedication, absorption
(Green et al., 2017); work	Analysis of the concept + new theory	Discuss literature	Components; framework with antecedents	New: energy, positive experience, behavior
(Gupta and Sharma, 2018); employee	Analysis of the concept + measures	Systematic review	Differences in concepts, predictive validity and utility between scales	None chosen: cognitive, affective, physical strength, social, behavioral
(Kahn, 1990); personal	Theory construction	Qual.	Defined the concept, its components, antecedents and consequences	New: physical, cognitive, and emotional connection
(Schaufeli and Salanova, 2011); work	Analyze specific issues of concept	Discuss literature	More conceptual clarity on specific issues	Existing: vigor, dedication, absorption
(Shuck et al., 2017); employee	Analyze concept and compare to existing frameworks	Systematic review	New framework, need to differ between forms of engagement	New: cognitive, emotional, and behavioral energy
(Sonnentag, 2017); work	Analyze concept from task-level perspective	Discuss literature	Engagement varies between tasks and is not the opposite of from burnout	Existing: vigor, dedication, absorption
(Welch, 2011); employee, organization	Analyze concept and communication as antecedent	Discuss literature	New model with antecedents	New: emotional, cognitive, physical