Table 1.

Immunology Concept Mapping Chart.

Core immunology concept	Learning objective	Question on case:
PAMP and DAMP activation of innate immunity	Describe the TLRs that recognize specific PAMPs and DAMPs.	What Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are likely to be activated by this infection?
TLR activation and signaling	Explain how TLR activation/signaling primes the innate immune response	What cytokines would you expect to be elevated in the blood in this patient after this infection?
Actions of mediators of acute inflammation	Describe the actions of mediators acute inflammation (IL-1/TNF-alpha	Why is the white count elevated? What cell type is most likely to be elevated? Why are the band cells increased? What is the molecular mechanism for the increase on neutrophils and band cells
Physiological and effects of acute inflammation.	Describe the physiological effects of elevated IL-1, TNF-alpha and IL-6.	What is the significance of the increasing fever and the presence of bacteria in the blood? What is the molecular mechanism for the fever increase and why does this concern you?
Pathological effects of acute inflammation.	Describe the pathological effects of elevated IL-1, TNF-alpha and IL-6.	Why is the blood pressure dropping in this patient? Why is does he have systemic edema? What are the molecular mechanisms for the drop in blood pressure?