Table 2.
Increased levels of cytokines in psychiatric disorders (data based on meta-analyzes).
| Cytokines | Psychiatric disorders | Tissue | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| IL-6 | Depressive disorders Schizophrenia PTSD Sleep disorder |
Blood/CSF Blood/CSF Blood Blood |
(59) (60) (61) (62) (63) (64) (65) (66) (67) (68) (69) (65) (70) (71) (72) |
| IL-6R | Bipolar disorder | Blood | (73) (74) |
| IL-1β | Depressive disorders Schizophrenia Bipolar disorder PTSD |
Blood CSF CSF Blood |
(66) (65) (65) (70) (71) |
| IL-1RA | Depressive disorders Schizophrenia |
Blood Blood |
(64) (75) (68) |
| TNF-α | Depressive disorders Bipolar disorder PTSD |
Blood/post-mortem brain Blood Blood |
(60) (64) (59) (63) (67) (74) (70) (71) |
| TNFR-1 | Bipolar disorder | Blood | (73) (74) |
| TNFR-2 | Depressive disorders | Blood | (64) |
| IL-10 | Depressive disorders Suicide |
Blood Blood |
(64) (76) |
| IFN-γ | PTSD | Blood | (70) (71) |
| IL-2 | PTSD | Blood | (71) |
| IL-2R | Depressive disorders Bipolar disorder Schizophrenia |
Blood Blood Blood |
(60) (64) (73) (74) (69) (68) |
| IL-12 | Depressive disorders Schizophrenia | Blood Blood |
(64) (75) |
| IL-13 | Depressive disorders | Blood | (64) |
| IL-18 | Depressive disorders | Blood | (64) |
| IL-8 | Schizophrenia | CSF | (65) |
| IL-4 | Bipolar disorder | Blood | (73) (74) |
| TGF-β | Suicide | Blood | (77) (76) |
IL, Interleukin; IL-R, Interleukin Receptor; TNF-α, Tumor Necrosis Factor alfa; TNFR, Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor; IFN-γ, Interferon gamma; TGF-β, Transforming Growth Factor beta; PTSD, Post-traumatic stress disorder; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid.