Table 5.

Novel potential biomarkers for PanNENs diagnosis, prognosis and treatment monitoring.

Putative markers			Source	Level	Clinical use	References
Potentially Prognostic and/or Predictive	Delta-like protein 3	DLL-3	Surgical/endoscopic biopsy	Over-expressed	Potentially prognostic and therapeutic target	(236, 237)
	Tumor-Associated—Macrophages	TAMs	Surgical/endoscopic biopsy	Increased	Associated to reduced DSS	(61)
	G protein coupled receptor-associated sorting protein 1	GPRASP-1	Serum	Down-regulated	Neuroendocrine de-differentiation	(235)
	Glucose transporter 1	GLUT-1	Surgical/endoscopic biopsy	Over-expressed	Prognostic for higher metabolism and tumor aggressiveness	(90)

PanNENs, Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasia; GEP-NENs, Gastro-Entero-Pancreatic Neoplasia.