Table 1.

List of endocytosis pathways and targeting ligands.

Type of Endocytosis	Targeting agents	Mediated by	Mechanism of internalization	Delivery vehicle	Ref.
Phagocytosis	Folic acid	Neutrophils, macrophages	Caveolin-assisted	Ligand	(Pan et al., 2018)
Macropinocytosis	Non-specific	Ras-activated PI3-kinases (class-1 PI3-kinase), Ras and probably the protein kinase Akt (which binds PIP3)	Actin-driven endocytic pathway	–	(King and Kay, 2019)
Clathrin mediated	Mannose-6-phosphate, Transferrin, Riboflavin	Majority of cells	Clathrin-Dependent RME	Human serum albumin, PEGylated Liposomes, Polymeric chitosan vesicles, Bovine serum albumin	(Bareford and Swaan, 2007)
Caveolae-mediated	–	Cells expressing Caveolin-I or have Caveolin-3	Caveosomes via Caveolin protein	–	(Shajahan, )
Clathrin and Caveolin-independent	glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins, glycosphingolipid-binding toxins	GTPase Dynamin	Clathrin coated pits	–	(Hansen and Nichols, 2009)