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. 2020 May 27;11:1019. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01019

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Two days of bovine colostrum feeding has no impact on response to Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteremia, even when maternal antibodies are withheld. Results of Experiment 4 where preterm pigs were infused with Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) on day 3, without any previous immunization (plasma infusion) and fed bovine colostrum (SE-BC) or infant formula (SE-IF). (A) Body temperature 0–24 h post inoculation. (B) Motor activity, shown as the fraction of time with physical activity at 0–24 h post inoculation. (C) Blood pH 6–24 h post inoculation. (D) Blood oxygen pressure 6–24 h post inoculation. (C) Blood bicarbonate levels 6–24 h post inoculation. (F) Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) 6–24 h post inoculation. (G) Plasma levels of soluble terminal complement complexes (sC5b-9) 6–12 h post inoculation. (H) Abundance of SE in blood at euthanasia, shown as colony-forming units per milliliter of whole blood. (I) Plasma levels of bovine immunoglobulin G (IgG) at euthanasia. (A–F) Presented as means with corresponding standard errors. *: Effect of diet (p < 0.05), **: Effect of diet (p < 0.01), ***: Effect of diet (p < 0.001).