Table 1.
Demographic data and laboratory investigation of the studied groups.
| Studied variables | Diabetic group (n = 75) | Pre-diabetic group (n = 65) | Controls (n = 70) | F | p value | Post hoc test |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age/years Mean ± SD Range |
53.7 ± 7.34 41–68 |
52.3 ± 6.48 42–67 |
52.5 ± 7.48 40–67 |
F = 0.787 |
0.456 | p1:0.250 p2:0.328 p3:0.849 |
| Sex Male Female |
n (%) 40 (53.3) 35 (46.7) |
n (%) 34 (52.3) 31 (47.7) |
n (%) 38 (54.3) 32 (45.7) |
X2 = 0.053 |
0.974 | – |
| BMI (kg/m2) Mean ± SD Range |
27.4 ± 2.53 22–32 |
22.6 ± 0.70 21–24 |
22.3 ± 2.41 18–28 |
F = 134.8 |
0.001** | p1:0.001** p2:0.001** p3:0.347 |
| FBG (mg/dl) Mean ± SD Range |
265.0 ± 73.1 146–416 |
118.9 ± 4.02 112–124 |
88.5 ± 9.04 74–103 |
333.0 | 0.001** | p1:0.001** p2:0.001** p3:0.001** |
| 2-HPPG (mg/dl) Mean ± SD Range |
296.6 ± 77.2 178–444 |
157.1 ± 14.1 135–195 |
88.2 ± 8.46 72–104 |
369.8 | 0.001** | p1:0.001** p2:0.001** p3:0.001** |
| HbA1c (%) Mean ± SD Range |
10.4 ± 1.27 8.30–12.9 |
5.59 ± 1.08 3.00–6.30 |
5.21 ± 0.84 3.00–6.80 |
525.3 | 0.001** | p1:0.001** p2:0.001** p3:0.126 |
| HDLc (mg/dl) Mean ± SD Range |
31.9 ± 1.38 29–34 |
32.3 ± 3.08 28–39 |
48.5 ± 1.21 46–50 |
1130.0 | 0.001** | p1:0.322 p2:0.001** p3:0.001** |
| T. cholest. (mg/dl) Mean ± SD Range |
208.1 ± 25.5 172–277 |
210.9 ± 15.4 166–226 |
172.1 ± 9.23 155–186 |
96.9 | 0.001** | p1:0.353 p2:0.001** p3:0.001** |
|
TGs.(mg/dl) Mean ± SD Range |
164.7 ± 10.1 143–183 |
95.8 ± 12.1 81–116 |
93.1 ± 4.84 83–98 |
1324 | 0.001** |
p1:0.001** p2:0.001** p3:0.110 |
|
LDL(mg/dl) Mean ± SD Range |
143.2 ± 25.2 143–183 |
145.4 ± 15.5 100–161 |
104.9 ± 8.85 88–118 |
110.1 | 0.001** | p1:0.455 p2:0.001** p 3:0.001** |
|
Fasting insulin (μIU/mL) Mean ± SD Range |
21.2 ± 5.24 11–30 |
8.21 ± 5.85 3–20 |
4.00 ± 0.49 3–5 |
K = 134.3 |
0.001** |
P1:0.001** P2:0.001** P3:0.001** |
|
Insulin resistance Mean ± SD Range Mean ± SD Range |
12.5 ± 7.50 3–30 |
2.20 ± 1.86 0.60–6 |
0.85 ± 0.11 0.60–1 |
K = 137.7 |
0.001** |
P1:0.001** P2:0.001** P3:0.001** |
|
Disease duration/years Mean ± SD Range |
2.46 ± 2.28 0.08–8 |
|||||
|
Family history Positive Negative |
n (%) 68 (90.7) 7 (9.30) |
F: ANOVA test; * significant; **highly significant; and K: Kruskal-Wallis test.
p1: Comparison between diabetic and pre-diabetic patients. p2: Comparison between diabetic patients and controls. p 3: Comparison between pre-diabetic patients and controls.