Risk factor	Protective strategy
Coughing	Close contact aerosol protective PPE before entering intubation room and getting near patient's airway Minimise interval between removal of patient's protective mask and application of face mask with viral filter Good seal with face mask with viral filter Ensure profound paralysis before instrumenting airway (adequate dose and time for effect) Managing tracheal extubation
Inadequate face mask seal during pre‐oxygenation	Well fitting mask with viral filter Vice (V‐E) grip Manual ventilation device with collapsible bag* ETO2 monitoring to minimise duration for which face mask is applied by identifying earliest occurrence of adequate pre‐oxygenation
Positive pressure ventilation with inadequate seal	Avoid positive pressure ventilation Good seal: ▶face mask — as above; ▶supraglottic airway — second generation, appropriate size, adequate depth of insertion, cuff inflation;† ▶ETT — confirm cuff below cords, cuff manometry, meticulous securing of ETT; ▶manual ventilation device with collapsible bag to gauge ventilation pressures;* ▶airway manometry to minimise ventilation pressures;† ▶minimise required ventilation pressures — neuromuscular blockade, 45° head elevation, oropharyngeal airway
High gas flows	Avoid high flow nasal oxygen

EET = endotracheal tube; ETO₂ = end‐tidal oxygen; PPE = personal protective equipment.

^*Only beneficial for clinicians with prior familiarity with these devices.

^† Where applicable.