Table 3.
Associations Between Patients’ Clinical Characteristics at Admission and Hospital Medication With Peak Levels of Liver Function Enzymes
| Parameters | ALT | AST | ALP | TBIL | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P Value | OR (95% CI) | P Value | OR (95% CI) | P Value | OR (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Age | 1.00 (0.99, 1.00) | 0.627 | 1.02 (1.01, 1.02) | <0.001 | 1.02 (1.00, 1.03) | 0.006 | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) | 0.011 |
| Male gender | 2.36 (2.06, 2.69) | <0.001 | 1.60 (1.37, 1.86) | <0.001 | 2.00 (1.55, 2.58) | <0.001 | 1.52 (1.28, 1.81) | <0.001 |
| Heart rate | 1.00 (1.00, 1.01) | 0.911 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.01) | 0.460 | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) | 0.140 | 0.99 (0.99, 1.00) | 0.025 |
| Respiratory rate | 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) | 0.261 | 1.02 (1.00, 1.04) | 0.093 | 1.03 (1.00, 1.06) | 0.080 | 1.04 (1.01, 1.06) | 0.002 |
| Fever | 1.47 (1.25, 1.72) | <0.001 | 1.51 (1.26, 1.81) | <0.001 | 1.01 (0.75, 1.36) | 0.958 | 1.11 (0.90, 1.35) | 0.331 |
| Cough | 1.02 (0.90, 1.16) | 0.755 | 0.98 (0.85, 1.14) | 0.804 | 0.90 (0.71, 1.15) | 0.392 | 0.99 (0.84, 1.18) | 0.939 |
| Dyspnea | 1.37 (1.18, 1.60) | <0.001 | 1.41 (1.19, 1.67) | <0.001 | 1.28 (0.98, 1.68) | 0.071 | 1.31 (1.08, 1.59) | 0.007 |
| Gastrointestinal symptoms | 1.31 (1.10, 1.56) | 0.002 | 1.46 (1.20, 1.77) | <0.001 | 1.03 (0.73, 1.45) | 0.869 | 0.92 (0.72, 1.17) | 0.484 |
| Myalgia | 1.00 (0.83, 1.21) | 0.996 | 0.91 (0.73, 1.13) | 0.399 | 0.90 (0.61, 1.32) | 0.584 | 0.92 (0.72, 1.18) | 0.526 |
| COPD | 0.85 (0.40, 1.83) | 0.683 | 0.50 (0.20, 1.26) | 0.142 | 0.17 (0.02, 1.44) | 0.104 | 0.86 (0.34, 2.18) | 0.748 |
| Cardiovascular metabolic diseases | 0.96 (0.84, 1.11) | 0.594 | 0.98 (0.84, 1.15) | 0.832 | 1.07 (0.83, 1.39) | 0.581 | 1.21 (1.01, 1.45) | 0.037 |
| Chronic liver disease | 1.61 (1.01, 2.56) | 0.045 | 1.97 (1.20, 3.23) | 0.007 | 2.21 (1.09, 4.50) | 0.029 | 0.95 (0.50, 1.80) | 0.870 |
| Malignancy | 1.99 (0.48, 8.20) | 0.339 | 0.94 (0.17, 5.26) | 0.947 | 2.31 (0.26, 20.53) | 0.453 | 0.89 (0.10, 7.64) | 0.915 |
| CKD | 0.88 (0.53, 1.46) | 0.625 | 0.92 (0.54, 1.58) | 0.761 | 1.82 (0.96, 3.47) | 0.068 | 0.58 (0.29, 1.15) | 0.117 |
| Lung lesion | 1.31 (1.15, 1.49) | <0.001 | 1.11 (0.97, 1.27) | 0.142 | 1.02 (0.80, 1.29) | 0.901 | 1.10 (0.94, 1.29) | 0.218 |
| Antiviral drugs | 1.15 (0.99, 1.33) | 0.067 | 1.00 (0.85, 1.19) | 0.967 | 1.09 (0.81, 1.46) | 0.565 | 1.57 (1.29, 1.92) | <0.001 |
| Antibiotic drugs | 1.39 (1.19, 1.63) | <0.001 | 1.76 (1.48, 2.11) | <0.001 | 1.37 (1.00, 1.87) | 0.052 | 1.17 (0.95, 1.44) | 0.136 |
| Systemic corticosteroids | 2.49 (2.1, 2.94) | <0.001 | 1.94 (1.60, 2.35) | <0.001 | 1.3 (0.96, 1.76) | 0.096 | 1.60 (1.29, 1.98) | <0.001 |
| Antifungal drugs | 1.59 (0.79, 3.21) | 0.196 | 2.56 (1.23, 5.35) | 0.012 | 4.88 (2.45, 9.73) | <0.001 | 5.22 (2.48, 10.99) | <0.001 |
| Neutrophil count >6.3, 109/L | 1.42 (1.18, 1.73) | <0.001 | 1.60 (1.31, 1.95) | <0.001 | 2.43 (1.84, 3.22) | <0.001 | 1.58 (1.26, 1.97) | <0.001 |
| Lymphocyte count <1.1, 109/L | 1.56 (1.36, 1.79) | <0.001 | 2.21 (1.89, 2.58) | <0.001 | 1.71 (1.32, 2.22) | <0.001 | 1.28 (1.07, 1.54) | 0.007 |
| Red blood cells | 1.23 (1.10, 1.39) | <0.001 | 1.30 (1.14, 1.47) | <0.001 | 0.90 (0.74, 1.09) | 0.286 | 1.43 (1.24, 1.67) | <0.001 |
| Platelet count <100, 109/L | 1.01 (0.80, 1.26) | 0.964 | 1.63 (1.29, 2.06) | <0.001 | 0.95 (0.66, 1.37) | 0.778 | 1.86 (1.45, 2.38) | <0.001 |
| Urea | 1.00 (0.98, 1.01) | 0.528 | 1.02 (1.00, 1.03) | 0.066 | 1.04 (1.02, 1.06) | 0.001 | 1.02 (1.00, 1.03) | 0.105 |
| D‐dimer | 1.00 (1.00, 1.01) | 0.337 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.01) | 0.004 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.01) | 0.288 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.01) | 0.001 |
Abbreviation: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; OR, odds ratio; TBIL, total bilirubin.