Table 1.
Participant demographics, bacterial exposure, and antibiotic history‡.
| Cystic Fibrosis (n = 25) | Healthy Control (n = 50) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) (mean, standard error)∗ | 4.04 (0.29) | 3.72 (0.38) | 0.508 |
| Gender (n, %)† | 0.870 | ||
| Female | 13 (52) | 27 (54) | |
| Male | 12 (48) | 23 (46) | |
| Race (n, %)† | 0.002 | ||
| White | 13 (52) | 19 (38) | |
| Black | 4 (16) | 25 (50) | |
| Other | 8 (32) | 6 (12) | |
| Ethnicity (n, %)† | 0.221 | ||
| Hispanic | 7 (28) | 8 (16) | |
| Not Hispanic | 18 (72) | 42 (84) | |
| Delivery Method (n, %)† | 0.814 | ||
| Vaginal | 15 (65) | 34 (68) | |
| Cesarean | 8 (35) | 16 (32) | |
| Length of Breastfeeding (n,%)† | 0.111 | ||
| None | 9 (36) | 10 (20) | |
| <3 months | 2 (8) | 8 (16) | |
| 3–6 months | 6 (24) | 14 (28) | |
| 6–12 months | 6 (24) | 5 (10) | |
| >12 months | 2 (8) | 13 (26) | |
| Daycare or School (n, %)† | 0.994 | ||
| No | 8 (38) | 19 (38) | |
| Yes | 13 (62) | 31 (62) | |
| Siblings (n, %)† | 0.697 | ||
| No | 5 (20) | 12 (24) | |
| Yes | 20 (80) | 38 (76) | |
| Antibiotics Courses in the 12 months Preceding Sample Collection (n, %)† | <0.001 | ||
| None | 2 (8) | 38 (76) | |
| 1–2 courses | 10 (40) | 12 (24) | |
| 3–4 courses | 9 (36) | 0 (0) | |
| 5 or more courses | 4 (16) | 0 (0) | |
‡
For children with CF, the sample used in this analysis was the first sample collected in the longitudinal series.
∗
Generalized linear model adjusting for age skew.
†
Chi-squared.