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. 2020 Jun 1;6(6):e04104. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04104

Table 3.

Demographics, medications, treatments, and diversity measures based on age group.

Age 0 to <3 years (n = 12 study participants) Age ≥3–6 years (n = 13 study participants) Odds Ratio P value
Gender (n, % female) 7 (58) 6 (46) NA 0.695

Race (n, %) NA 0.751

 White 7 (58) 6 (46)
 Black 1 (8) 3 (23)
 Other 4 (33) 4 (31)

Ethnicity (n, %) NA >0.999

 Hispanic or Latino 4 (33) 4 (31)
 Not Hispanic or Latino 8 (67) 9 (69)

CFTR Genotype (n, %) NA 0.683

 F508del homozygous 5 (42) 6 (46)
 F508del heterozygous 5 (42) 3 (23)
 Other 2 (17) 4 (31)
Inhaled antibiotics (n, % yes) 3 (25) 2 (15) NA 0.645

Antibiotics Courses in the 12 months Preceding Sample Collection (n, %) NA 0.537

 None 2 (17) 0 (0)
 1–2 courses 5 (42) 5 (38.5)
 3–4 courses 4 (33) 5 (38.5)
 5 or more courses 1 (8) 3 (23)
CFTR modulator (n, % yes) 0 (0) 5 (38) NA 0.039

Age 0 to <3 years (n = 50 study samples) Age ≥3–6 years (n = 59 study samples) Odds Ratio P value

Respiratory Culture (n, % yes)

Normal respiratory flora 44 (88) 40 (68) 0.29 0.023
Staphylococcus aureus 2 (4) 3 (5) 1.29 0.802
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2 (4) 6 (10) 2.72 0.217
Other bacteria§ 3 (6) 11 (19) 3.59 0.110
Number of Sick Visits (n, % yes) 7 (14) 15 (25) 2.09 0.191
Oral Antibiotics (n, % yes) 7 (14) 13 (22) 1.74 0.305
IV Antibiotics (n, % yes) 0 (0) 1 (2) NA NA
Steroids (n, % yes) 0 (0) 4 (7) NA NA
Number of OTUs∗∗ (mean, standard error) 63.9 (5.9) 70.1 (5.6) NA 0.455
Shannon Diversity Index∗∗(mean, standard error) 2.15 (0.08) 2.25 (0.08) NA 0.371
Inverse Simpson Index∗∗ (mean, standard error) 6.13 (0.41) 6.52 (0.39) NA 0.482
Morisita-Horn between subsequent encounters∗∗ (mean, standard error) 0.78 (0.04) 0.69 (0.04) NA 0.070

CFTR, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.

Fisher's exact test.

Ivacaftor n = 3, lumacaftor/ivacaftor n = 2.

Logistic regression, adjusting for repeated patient visits.

OR less than 1 more likely in Age 0 to <3 years, greater than 1 more likely in Age ≥3–6 years.

§

Other bacteria include Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (x5), Streptococcus pyogenes (x4), Streptococcus agalactiae (x3), Chryseobacterium species (x2), and Elizabethkingia meningoseptica.

∗∗

Mixed effects generalized linear model, adjusting for repeated patient visits (p-value reported in the table) and whether the sample was collected at a sick or well visit (starting with OTUs, p-value was 0.223, 0.194, 0.334, and 0.028).