FIG 4.

Loss of SrcA and PmrA disrupts cell wall integrity and structure. (A) Serial 10-fold dilutions of conidia from the indicated strains were spotted onto AMM plates containing calcofluor white (CFW), Congo red (CR), or hygromycin B (HygB) and incubated for 2 days at 37°C. (B) TEM analysis of cross sections of hyphae grown for 16 h at 37°C in liquid YG medium. Representative TEM images (left panels) and quantitative analysis of cell wall thickness (right) are presented. Values represent means ± SD (***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001; ns, not significant [one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test]). Bars: 500 nm (magnification of ×50,000).