Table 1.
Demographic and clinical features of all participants at baseline
| PD all n = 172 (100%) | Controls n = 85 | t‐value | p‐value | PD‐N n = 80 (46.5%) | PD‐CI n = 92 (53.5%) | Controls n = 85 | χ 2 | p‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age/years | 67.5 ± 8.1 [45.0–79.3] | 65.1 ± 6.7 [47.0–78.7] | 2.54 | .012 | 65.9 ± 8.3 [45.0–78.7] | 68.9 ± 7.7 [48.0–79.3] | 65.1 ± 6.7 [47.0–78.7] | 15.99 | .0003 |
| Sex (m:f) | 120:52 | 48:37 | 4.44t | .0377t | 56:24 | 64:28 | 48:37 | 4.43 | .1092 |
| Education/years | 13.4 ± 2.9 [7–20] | 16.1 ± 4.0 [8–30] | −5.56 | <.0001 | 13.8 ± 2.7 [8–20] | 13.0 ± 2.9 [7–20] | 16.1 ± 4.0 [8–30] | 33.14 | <.0001 |
| Disease duration/years | 8.9 ± 4.8 [0.1–32.4] | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | 9.1 ± 5.1 [1.9–32.4] | 8.8 ± 4.5 [0.1–24.1] | n.a. | 0.04 | .8328 |
| CERAD/total score | 89.6 ± 11.0 [41.5–106.0] | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | 95.8 ± 5.8 [78.5–106.0] | 84.1 ± 11.6 [41.5–104.0] | n.a. | 52.01 | <.0001 |
| DEMTECT/score (max. 18) | n.a. | 16.8 ± 1.7 [13–18] | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | 16.8 ± 1.7 [13–18] | n.a. | n.a. |
| PANDA/score (max. 30) | 22.8 ± 5.4 [5–30] | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | 25.5 ± 3.9 [13–30] | 20.5 ± 5.5 [5–29] | n.a. | 38.23 | <.0001 |
| MMSE/score (max. 30) | 28.1 ± 2.2 [13–30] | 29.3 ± 1.0 [26–30] | −5.94 | <.0001 | 28.9 ± 1.1 [26–30] | 27.4 ± 2.6 [13–30] | 29.3 ± 1.0 [26–30] | 54.19 | <.0001 |
| Hoehn&Yahr/stage | 2.5 ± 0.8 [1.0–5.0] | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | 2.3 ± 0.7 [1.0–4.0] | 2.7 ± 0.8 [1.0–5.0] | n.a. | 12.82 | .0003 |
| UPDRS III/score | 21.9 ± 12.1 [3–72] | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | 18.0 ± 8.0 [5–45] | 25.5 ± 13.9 [3–72] | n.a. | 12.69 | .0004 |
| LEDD/(mg/d) | 653.7 ± 423.9 [0.0–2015.5] | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | 654.9 ± 428.0 [0.0–2015.5] | 652.6 ± 422.8 [0.0–1,584.0] | n.a. | 0.01 | .9243 |
Note: Values are given as mean ± SD [min–max]. Demographic, clinical, and neuropsychological characteristics of the total PD sample at baseline, including cognitively normal (PD‐N), mildly cognitively impaired (PD‐MCI), demented patients (PDD), and healthy controls. Data are given as mean ± std (min–max) except for gender. CERAD total score is the sum of six subscores and is sociodemographically corrected for normative data including age, education, and sex (Chandler et al., 2005). CERAD, Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease; F, female; LEDD, levodopa‐equivalent daily dose; M, male; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; n.a: Not available/not applicable. PANDA, Parkinson Neuropsychometric Dementia Assessment (Balzer‐Geldsetzer et al., 2011); UPDRS, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Unpaired two‐sample t test for unequal variances for continuous variables. Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA on ranks for PD‐N, PD‐CI, and healthy controls for continuous variables. Fisher's exact test was used for categorical variables.