Table 1.
Descriptive statistics for age, dispositional optimism, Big Five personality traits, family socioeconomic status (SES), and general intelligence (N = 231, 110 males)
| Variable | Mean | SD | Range | Skewness | Kurtosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 18.48 | 0.54 | 16–20 | 0.50 | 1.71 |
| Dispositional optimism | 22.59 | 3.01 | 12–29 | −0.36 | 0.37 |
| Neuroticism | 34.03 | 6.63 | 15–52 | −0.07 | −0.10 |
| Extraversion | 42.36 | 6.28 | 25–58 | −0.12 | −0.08 |
| Openness | 41.23 | 4.75 | 31–57 | 0.28 | −0.24 |
| Agreeableness | 42.92 | 4.63 | 30–57 | −0.11 | 0.17 |
| Conscientiousness | 39.86 | 5.70 | 22–55 | 0.10 | 0.01 |
| Family SES | 5.27 | 1.49 | 1–9 | −0.11 | −0.16 |
| General intelligence | 24.18 | 5.68 | 6–36 | −0.26 | −0.09 |
Note: Sex and age were self‐reported by each participant, which were consistent with the records (age and sex at birth) in the student archives from the schools.