Table 1.
Rs‐fMRI studies reporting aberrant rs‐fMRI connectivity in manifest Huntington's disease patients compared to healthy controls
| Huntington's disease patients | Healthy controls | Main findings | Analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reference | Sample (% F) | Age (y ± SD) | Education (y ± SD) | Sample (% F) | Age (y ± SD) | Education (y ± SD) | ||
| Visual network | ||||||||
| Wolf, Sambataro, Vasic, Baldas, et al., 2014 | 20 (30%) | 49 ± 9 | 13 ± 2 | 20 (35%) | 47 ± 9 | 14 ± 2 | Both decreased and increased FC | ICA |
| Coppen, Grond, Hafkemeijer, Barkey Wolf, & Roos, 2018 | 20 (45%) | 52 ± 11 | 16 ± 2 | 18 (61%) | 46 ± 11 | 17 ± 2 | Decreased FC | Network of interest |
| Dumas et al., 2013 | 20 (75%) | 47 ± 11 | 1–5b | 28 (54%) | 49 ± 9 | 2–5b | Decreased FC | Network of interest |
| Werner et al., 2014 | 17 (59%) | 45 ± 10 | 3 ± 1b | 19 (58%)a | 48 ± 10 | 4 ± 1b | Increased FC | ICA |
| Poudel et al., 2014 | 23 (43%) | 56 ± 9 | Na | 18 (78%) | 46 ± 14 | Na | No differences | ICA |
| Sensory‐motor network | ||||||||
| Wolf, Sambataro, Vasic, Depping, et al., 2014 | 20 (30%) | 49 ± 9 | 13 ± 2 | 20 (35%) | 47 ± 9 | 14 ± 2 | Increased FC | ICA |
| Werner et al., 2014 | 17 (59%) | 45 ± 10 | 3 ± 1b | 19 (58%)a | 48 ± 10 | 4 ± 1b | Increased FC | ICA |
| Sánchez‐Castañeda et al., 2017 | 10 (40%) | 39 ± 19 | Na | 10 (40%) | 38 ± 16 | Na | Increased FC | Seed |
| Müller et al., 2016 | 34 (29%) | 47 (32–65) | 13 (9–20) | 32 (38%) | 48 (25–62) | 14 (11–19) | Decreased FC | Seed |
| Poudel et al., 2014 | 23 (43%) | 56 ± 9 | Na | 18 (78%) | 46 ± 14 | Na | No differences | ICA |
| Dumas et al., 2013 | 20 (75%) | 47 ± 11 | 1–5b | 28 (54%) | 49 ± 9 | 2–5b | No differences | Network of interest |
| Cerebellum network | ||||||||
| Werner et al., 2014 | 17 (59%) | 45 ± 10 | 3 ± 1b | 19 (58%)a | 48 ± 10 | 4 ± 1b | Increased FC | ICA |
| Poudel et al., 2014 | 23 (43%) | 56 ± 9 | Na | 18 (78%) | 46 ± 14 | Na | No differences | ICA |
| Wolf et al., 2015 | 20 (30%) | 49 ± 9 | 13 ± 2 | 20 (35%) | 47 ± 9 | 14 ± 2 | No differences | Seed |
| Auditory network | ||||||||
| Poudel et al., 2014 | 23 (43%) | 56 ± 9 | Na | 18 (78%) | 46 ± 14 | Na | No differences | ICA |
| Dumas et al., 2013 | 20 (75%) | 47 ± 11 | 1–5b | 28 (54%) | 49 ± 9 | 2–5b | No differences | Network of interest |
| Executive network | ||||||||
| Werner et al., 2014 | 17 (59%) | 45 ± 10 | 3 ± 1b | 19 (58%)a | 48 ± 10 | 4 ± 1b | Frontal increased FC | ICA |
| Wolf, Sambataro, Vasic, Depping, et al., 2014 | 20 (30%) | 49 ± 9 | 13 ± 2 | 20 (35%) | 47 ± 9 | 14 ± 2 | Posterior decreased FC; anterior increased FC | ICA |
| Poudel et al., 2014 | 23 (43%) | 56 ± 9 | Na | 18 (78%) | 46 ± 14 | Na | Posterior/subcortical decreased FC | ICA |
| Dumas et al., 2013 | 20 (75%) | 47 ± 11 | 1–5b | 28 (54%) | 49 ± 9 | 2–5b | Posterior/subcortical decreased FC | Network of interest |
| Frontoparietal network | ||||||||
| Wolf, Sambataro, Vasic, Depping, et al., 2014 | 20 (30%) | 49 ± 9 | 13 ± 2 | 20 (35%) | 47 ± 9 | 14 ± 2 | Both decreased and increased FC | ICA |
| Werner et al., 2014 | 17 (59%) | 45 ± 10 | 3 ± 1b | 19 (58%)a | 48 ± 10 | 4 ± 1b | Increased FC | ICA |
| Poudel et al., 2014 | 23 (43%) | 56 ± 9 | Na | 18 (78%) | 46 ± 14 | Na | Increased FCc | ICA |
| Dumas et al., 2013 | 20 (75%) | 47 ± 11 | 1–5b | 28 (54%) | 49 ± 9 | 2–5b | No differences | Network of interest |
| Dorsal attention network | ||||||||
| Poudel et al., 2014 | 23 (43%) | 56 ± 9 | Na | 18 (78%) | 46 ± 14 | Na | Decreased FC | ICA |
| Werner et al., 2014 | 17 (59%) | 45 ± 10 | 3 ± 1b | 19 (58%)a | 48 ± 10 | 4 ± 1b | Increased FC | ICA |
| Dumas et al., 2013 | 20 (75%) | 47 ± 11 | 1–5b | 28 (54%) | 49 ± 9 | 2–5b | No differences | Network of interest |
| Default mode network | ||||||||
| Quarantelli et al., 2013 | 26 (38%) | 44 ± 12 | Na | 22 (50%) | 39 ± 14 | Na | Both decreased and increased FC | Seed |
| Dumas et al., 2013 | 20 (75%) | 47 ± 11 | 1–5b | 28 (54%) | 49 ± 9 | 2–5b | Decreased FC | Network of interest |
| Sánchez‐Castañeda et al., 2017 | 10 (40%) | 39 ± 19 | Na | 10 (40%) | 38 ± 16 | Na | Increased FC | Seed |
| Poudel et al., 2014 | 23 (43%) | 56 ± 9 | Na | 18 (78%) | 46 ± 14 | Na | No differences | ICA |
| Subcortical network | ||||||||
| Wolf, Sambataro, Vasic, Depping, et al., 2014 | 20 (30%) | 49 ± 9 | 13 ± 2 | 20 (35%) | 47 ± 9 | 14 ± 2 | Both decreased and increased FC | ICA |
| Werner et al., 2014 | 17 (59%) | 45 ± 10 | 3 ± 1b | 19 (58%)a | 48 ± 10 | 4 ± 1b | Increased FC | ICA |
| Müller et al., 2016 | 34 (29%) | 47 (32–65) | 13 (9–20) | 32 (38%) | 48 (25–62) | 14 (11–19) | Decreased FC | Seed |
| Regional properties and graph measures | ||||||||
| Gargouri et al., 2016 | 18 (Na %) | 51 ± 7 | Na | 18 (50%) | 44 ± 10 | Na |
Widespread changes in sensorimotor, associative And limbic networks |
Graph measures |
| Liu et al., 2016 | 10 (90%) | 45 ± 9 | 10 ± 3 | 20 (90%) | 45 ± 8 | Na | Decreased PCC/parietal and increased temporo‐frontal ALFF | ALFF |
| Sarappa et al., 2017 | 28 (39%) | 42 ± 10 | Na | 40 (55%) | 37 ± 14 | Na | Decreased parietal and increased cerebellum ALFF | ALFF |
| Sarappa et al., 2017 | 28 (39%) | 42 ± 10 | Na | 40 (55%) | 37 ± 14 | Na | Decreased cerebellum and increased frontotemporal ReHo | ReHo |
Abbreviations: ALFF, amplitude of low frequency fluctuations; F, female; FC, functional connectivity; Na, not available; PCC, posterior cingulate cortex; ReHo, regional homogeneity; SD; standard deviation; Y, years.
a
Three HD mutation carriers were presymptomatic.
b
International Standard Classification of Education.
c
Compared to presymptomatic Huntington's disease individuals.